Litaba
- Litšobotsi tsa Dinosaur
- Ho fepa ka dinosaure
- Mefuta ea li-Dinosaurs tse bileng teng
- Mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tsa ornithischian
- Li-dinosaurs tsa Thyrophore
- Mehlala ea Thyrophores
- Li-dinosaurs tsa Neornithischian
- mehlala ea li-neornithischians
- Mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tsa saurisch
- Theropod li-dinosaurs
- Mehlala ea theopods
- li-dinosaurs tsa sauropodomorph
- Mehlala ea li-sauropodomorphs
- Lihahabi tse ling tse kholo tsa Mesozoic
li-dinosaurs ke sehlopha sa sehahabi e hlahileng lilemong tse fetang limilione tse 230 tse fetileng. Liphoofolo tsena li fapane ho pholletsa le Mesozoic, li hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng haholo ea li-dinosaurs, e ileng ea etsa polanete eohle lefats'e mme ea busa Lefatše.
Ka lebaka la phapano ena, liphoofolo tsa mefuta eohle, libopeho le litloaelo tsa ho ja li ile tsa hlaha, tse ahileng mobung le moeeng. o batla ho kopana le tsona? Kahoo u se ke ua hloloheloa sengoloa sena sa PeritoAnimal ka mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tse neng li le teng: likarolo, mabitso le linepe.
Litšobotsi tsa Dinosaur
Superorder Dinosauria ke sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse sauropsid tse hlahileng nakong ea Cretaceous, lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 230-240 tse fetileng. Hamorao ba ile ba fetoha liphoofolo tse busang tse lefatšeng ea Mesozoic. Tsena ke tse ling tsa litšobotsi tsa li-dinosaurs:
- lekhetho: li-dinosaurs ke lesapo la mokokotlo la sehlopha sa Sauropsida, joalo ka lihahabi tsohle le linonyana. Ka har'a sehlopha, ba khethiloe e le diapsids, kaha li na le likheo tse peli tsa nakoana ka lehata, ho fapana le likolopata (anapsids). Ho feta moo, ke li-archosaurs, joalo ka likoena tsa sejoale-joale le li-pterosaurs.
- Boholo: boholo ba li-dinosaurs bo fapana ho tloha lisenthimithareng tse 15, maemong a theropods tse ngata, ho isa ho 50 metres ka bolelele, ha ho na le li-herbivores tse kholo.
- Anatomy: sebopeho sa noka ea lihahabi tsena li li lumelletse ho tsamaea li otlolohile, 'mele oohle o tšehelitsoe ke maoto a matla haholo tlasa' mele. Ntle le moo, boteng ba mohatla o boima haholo bo ratile haholo 'me, maemong a mang, ho lumelletse bipedalism.
- Metabolism: li-dinosaurs tse ngata tse neng li le teng li ka be li bile le metabolism e phahameng le endothermia (mali a futhumetseng), joalo ka linonyana. Tse ling, leha ho le joalo, li ka ba haufi le lihahabi tsa sejoale-joale 'me tsa ba le ectothermia (mali a batang).
- ho ikatisa: E ne e le liphoofolo tse mahe a linotši 'me li hahile lihlaha moo li hlokomelang mahe a tsona.
- boits'oaro sechabeng: liphuputso tse ling li bontša hore li-dinosaurs tse ngata li thehile mehlape mme li hlokomela bana ba motho e mong le e mong. Tse ling, leha ho le joalo, e ne e tla ba liphoofolo tse ikemetseng.
Ho fepa ka dinosaure
Mefuta eohle ea li-dinosaurs e teng ho lumeloa hore e simolohile ho lihahabi tse jang habeli. Ka mantsoe a mang, li-dinosaurs tsa khale-khale li ne li ja nama. Leha ho le joalo, ka phapano e kholo joalo, ho ne ho na le li-dinosaurs tse nang le mefuta eohle ea lijo: generalist herbivores, insectivores, piscivores, frugivores, folivores ...
Joalokaha re tla bona joale, ho li-ornithischians le li-saurischians ho ne ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-dinosaurs tse jang limela. Leha ho le joalo, bongata ba batho ba jang nama e ne e le ba sehlopha sa saurisch.
Mefuta ea li-Dinosaurs tse bileng teng
Ka 1887, Harry Seeley o ile a etsa qeto ea hore li-dinosaurs li ka aroloa lihlopha tse peli tse kholo, tse tsoelang pele ho sebelisoa kajeno, leha ho ntse ho na le lipelaelo mabapi le hore na ke tsona tse nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa. Ho ea ka paleontologist ena, tsena ke mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tse neng li le teng:
- Li-ornithischians (Ornithischia): Di tsejwa e le dinosauri tsa dinoka tsa noka hobane sebopeho sa tsona sa noka se ne se le sebopeho sa khutlonnetsepa. Tšobotsi ena e bakoa ke sebaka sa eona sa bolulo se shebaneng le sebaka se kamorao sa 'mele. Li-ornithischians tsohle li ile tsa timela nakong ea pheliso e kholo ea boraro.
- Saurischians (Saurischia): na li-dinosaurs tse nang le letheka la mokholutsoane. Li-pubis tsa hae, ho fapana le nyeoe e fetileng, li ne li shebile sebakeng sa cranial, hobane noka ea hae e ne e na le sebopeho sa kgutlotharo. Li-saurichian tse ling li ile tsa pholoha timetso e kholo ea boraro: baholo-holo ba linonyana, bao kajeno ba nkoang e le karolo ea sehlopha sa dinosaur.
Mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tsa ornithischian
Li-dinosaurs tsa ornithischian kaofela e ne e le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo 'me re ka li arola li-suborder tse peli: thyrophores le neornithyschia.
Li-dinosaurs tsa Thyrophore
Har'a mefuta eohle ea li-dinosaurs e kileng ea ba teng, litho tsa suborder Thyreophora mohlomong li teng tse sa tsejoeng ka ho fetisisa. Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa li-dinosaurs tse jang tsa bipedal (tsa khale ka ho fetesisa) le tsa quadrupedal. Ka boholo bo fapaneng, tšobotsi ea eona ea mantlha ke boteng ba file ea lihlomo tsa masapo kamorao, ka mefuta eohle ea mekhabiso, joalo ka meutloa kapa lipoleiti tsa masapo.
Mehlala ea Thyrophores
- Chialingosaurus: E ne e le di-dinosaurs tse bolelele ba limithara tse 4 tse koahetsoeng ka lipoleiti tsa masapo le meutloa.
- Ankylosaurus: Dinosaur ena e hlometseng e ne e ka ba bolelele ba limithara tse 6 mme e ne e na le molamu mohatleng oa eona.
- Scelidosaurus: na li-dinosaurs tse nang le hlooho e nyane, mohatla o molelele haholo le mokokotlo o koahetsoeng ke lithebe tsa masapo.
Li-dinosaurs tsa Neornithischian
Taolo e ka tlase ea Neornithischia ke sehlopha sa li-dinosaurs se khetholloang ka ho ba le meno a bohale ka li-enamel tse teteaneng, e fanang ka maikutlo a hore ba ne ba khethehile ho fepa dimela tse thata.
Leha ho le joalo, sehlopha sena se fapane haholo 'me se kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata ea li-dinosaurs tse kileng tsa ba teng. Kahoo, ha re shebeng ho bua ho hong ka mefuta e meng e emelang.
mehlala ea li-neornithischians
- Iguanodon: ke moemeli ea tsebahalang haholo oa infraorder Ornithopoda. Ke dinosaur e matla haholo e nang le maoto a matla le mohlahare o matla o hlafunang. Liphoofolo tsena li ka ba limithara tse 10, leha li-ornithopods tse ling li ne li le nyane haholo (1.5 metres).
- Pachycephalosaurus: joalo ka litho tse ling tsa infraorder Pachycephalosauria, dinosaur ena e ne e na le sebaka se seholo. Ho lumeloa hore ba ka be ba e sebelisitse ho hlasela batho ba bang ba mofuta o tšoanang, joalo ka lipholo tsa musk kajeno.
- Triceratops: mofuta ona oa infraorder Ceratopsia o ne a e-na le sethala sa kamorao sa cranial le linaka tse tharo sefahlehong. E ne e le li-dinosaurs tse 'nè, ho fapana le li-ceratopsids tse ling, tse neng li le nyane ebile li le bipedal.
Mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tsa saurisch
Li-saurischians li kenyelletsa tsohle mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tse jang nama le tse ling tsa litlama-tlama. Har'a tsona, re fumana lihlopha tse latelang: theropods le sauropodomorphs.
Theropod li-dinosaurs
Theropods (suborder Theropoda) ke biped dinosauri. Ba khale ka ho fetisisa e ne e le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo, tse kang tse tummeng Velociraptor. Hamorao, li ile tsa fapana, tsa hlahisa limela tse jang leruo le li-omnivore.
Liphoofolo tsena li ne li khetholloa ka ho ba le tsona feela menoana e meraro e sebetsang pheletsong ka 'ngoe le masapo a moea kapa a sekoti. Ka lebaka lena, e ne e le liphoofolo e bobebe haholo, 'me ba bang ba ile ba fumana bokhoni ba ho fofa.
Theropod dinosaurs e hlahisitse mefuta eohle ea li-dinosaurs tse fofang. Tse ling tsa tsona li ile tsa pholoha ho timela ho hoholo ha moeli oa Cretaceous / Tertiary; ke bona baholo-holo ba linonyana. Matsatsing ana, ho nkuoa hore lithibela-mafu li ne li sa fele, empa linonyana ke karolo ea sehlopha sena sa li-dinosaurs.
Mehlala ea theopods
Mehlala e meng ea li-dinosaurs tsa theropod ke:
- Tyrannosaurus: E ne e le sebata se seholo sa bolelele ba limithara tse 12, se tsebahala haholo skrineng se seholo.
- Velociraptor: Phoofolo ena e jang nama e bolelele ba limithara tse 1.8 e ne e na le manala a maholo.
- Gigantoraptor: ke dinosaur e masiba empa e sa khone ho etsa letho e ka bang limithara tse 8.
- Archeopteryx: ke enngwe ya dinonyana tsa kgale ka ho fetisisa tse tsebahalang. E ne e na le meno 'me e ne e se bolelele bo fetang halofo ea mithara.
li-dinosaurs tsa sauropodomorph
Suborder Sauropodomorpha ke sehlopha sa li-dinosaurs tse kholo tse jang limela quadrupeds ka mehatla e melelele haholo le melala. Leha ho le joalo, tsa khale ka ho fetisisa e ne e le li-carnivores, bipedal ebile li nyane ho feta motho.
Ka har'a li-sauropodomorphs, ke tse ling tsa liphoofolo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng tse kileng tsa e-ba teng, tse nang le batho ba ho fihla ho limithara tse 32. Tse nyane e ne e le limathi tse mahlahahlaha, tse li lumellang ho baleha liphoofolo tse li jang. Tse kholo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, li ne li theha mehlape eo ho eona batho ba baholo ba neng ba sireletsa malinyane. Hape, li ne li na le mehatla e meholo eo li neng li ka e sebelisa joaloka phafa.
Mehlala ea li-sauropodomorphs
- Saturnalia: e ne e le e mong oa litho tsa pele tsa sehlopha sena, mme e le bolelele bo ka tlase ho halofo ea mithara.
- apatosaurus: dinosaure ena e molala o molelele e ne e na le bolelele ba ho fihla ho limithara tse 22, hape ke mofuta oo Littlefoot e leng oa oona, protagonist ea filimi. phula e hohelang (kapa lefatše pele ho nako).
- Diplodocus: ke mofuta oa li-dinosaurs o tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa, o nang le batho ka bomong ho fihlela ho 32 metres ka bolelele.
Lihahabi tse ling tse kholo tsa Mesozoic
Lihlopha tse ngata tsa lihahabi tse neng li phela le li-dinosaurs nakong ea Mesozoic hangata li ferekanngoa le li-dinosaurs. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la liphapang tsa anatomical le taxonomic, re ke ke ra li kenyelletsa mefuteng e teng ea dinosaur. Lihlopha tse latelang tsa lihahabi ke tsena:
- li-pterosaurs: e ne e le lihahabi tse kholo tse fofang tsa Mesozoic. E ne e le ba sehlopha sa li-archosaurs, hammoho le li-dinosaurs le likoena.
- Plesiosaurs le li-Ichthyosaurs: e ne e le sehlopha sa lihahabi tsa metsing. Li tsejoa e le e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tsa metsing, empa leha e le diapsid, ha li amane le li-dinosaurs.
- Mesosaurs: le tsona ke diapsids, empa ke tsa Lepidosauria e laolehileng haholo, joalo ka mekholutsoane le linoha tsa kajeno. Li boetse li tsejoa e le "li-dinosaurs" tsa metsing.
- Pelicosaurus: e ne e le sehlopha sa li-synapsid haufi le liphoofolo tse anyesang ho feta lihahabi.
Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tse bileng teng - likarolo, mabitso le lifoto, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.