Litaba
- Li-squatiniform
- Li-Pristiophoriformes
- Li-squaliformes
- Carcharhiniformes
- laminforms
- Orectolobiform
- Heterodontiform
- Hexanchiforms
Ho hasana ho pholletsa le maoatle le leoatle la lefats'e, ho na le mefuta e fetang 350 ea lishaka, leha seo e se letho ha se bapisoa le mefuta e fetang 1 000 ea mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale eo re e tsebang. Lishaka tsa pele ho nalane li ile tsa hlaha polaneteng ea Earth lilemong tse limilione tse 400 tse fetileng, mme ho tloha ka nako eo, mefuta e mengata e nyametse, 'me ba bang ba pholohile liphetoho tse kholo tseo polanete e fetileng ho tsona. Lishaka kamoo re li tsebang kajeno li hlahile lilemong tse limilione tse 100 tse fetileng.
Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea libopeho le boholo bo entse hore lishaka li aroloe ka lihlopha tse 'maloa,' me ka har'a lihlopha tsena re fumana mefuta e mengata. Re u mema hore u tsebe, sengoliloeng sena sa PeritoAnimal, ho na le mefuta e kae ea lishaka, litšobotsi tsa eona le mehlala e 'maloa.
Li-squatiniform
Har'a mefuta ea lishaka, lishaka tsa tatellano ea squatiniformes li tsejoa e le "angel shark". Sehlopha sena se khetholloa ka ho se be le mokokotlo oa anal, ho ba le mmele o sephaphathi le mapheoana a pectoral a tsoetseng pele haholo. Ponahalo ea tsona e ts'oana haholo le skate, empa ha li joalo.
O angel shark (Squatina aculeata) e lula karolong ea Leoatle la Atlantic, ho tloha Morocco le lebopong la Sahara bophirima ho ea Namibia, ho feta Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, Nigeria le Gabon ka boroa ho Angola. Li ka fumanoa le ho Mediterranean. Leha e le shaka e kholo ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa eona (e ka bang limithara tse peli ka bophara), mofuta ona o kotsing e kholo ea ho timela ka lebaka la ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse matla. Ke liphoofolo tsa viviparous tse aplacental.
Ka leboea-bophirima le bophirimela bohareng ba Pacific, re fumana mofuta o mong oa angel shark, the sea angel shark (Li-squatin Tergocellatoides). Ha ho tsejoe hakaalo ka mofuta ona, kaha ho na le lipapatso tse seng kae tse thathamisitsoeng. Lintlha tse ling li bonts'a hore ba lula botebong ba leoatle, botebong ba lipakeng tsa 100 le 300 metres, kaha hangata ba ts'oaroa ka phoso ka letlooa la ho hula.
Ba bang Mefuta ea squatiniform shark ke:
- Angel angel shark (Squatin albipunctate)
- Angel Shark oa Argentina (argentine squatina)
- Angel shark ea Chile (Sebaka sa squatina)
- Angel Shark oa Australia (Squatina Australis)
- Angel Sharkcaliforniaica squatin)
- Atlantic SharkDumeric squatin)
- Lengeloi la sharki la Taiwan (squatina se setle)
- Angel Shark oa Japane (japonica squatina)
Setšoantšong re ka bona kopi ea japanese angel shark:
Li-Pristiophoriformes
Taelo ea Pristiophoriformes e thehiloe ke o bone lishakaSefuba sa lishaka tsena se selelele ebile se na le metsero a nang le serrated, ka hona ke lebitso la tsona. Joalo ka sehlopha se fetileng, li-pristiophoriformes se na fin anal. Ba batla liphofu tsa bona botebong ba leoatle, ka hona ba li batlile lisebelisoa tse telele haufi le molomo, tse sebetsang ho lemoha phofu ea tsona.
Leoatleng la India, ka boroa ho Australia le Tasmania, re ka fumana manaka a shark (Pristiophorus cirratus). Di phela dibakeng tse nang le lehlabathe, botebong bo pakeng tsa 40 le 300 metres, moo di ka fumanang phofu ya tsona ha bonolo. Ke liphoofolo tse ovoviviparous.
Tebileng Leoatleng la Caribbean, re fumana file ea Bahama o bone shaka (Pristiophorus schroederi). Phoofolo ena, e ts'oanang hantle le ea pele le ho lishaka tse ling, e phela botebo ba limithara tse pakeng tsa 400 le 1,000.
Ka kakaretso, ho na le mefuta e ts'eletseng feela e hlalositsoeng ea saw shark, e meng e mene e le:
- Lishaka tse tšeletseng tsa gill saw (Pliotrema warreni)
- Majapane a bone shark (Pristiophorus japonicus)
- Shaka ea boroa (Pristiophorus nudipinnis)
- Bophirimela ba shark (Pristiophorus delicatus)
Ka setšoantšo, re bona file ea japan o bone shaka:
Li-squaliformes
Mefuta ea shaka ka tatellano ea squaliformes ke mefuta e fetang 100 ea shaka. Liphoofolo sehlopheng sena li khetholloa ka ho ba le lipara tse hlano tsa likheo tsa gill le li-spiracles, e leng lipalesa tse amanang le tsamaiso ea ho hema. Ha u na lera la nictifying kapa dintshi, leha ele anal fin.
Hoo e ka bang leoatle le leoatle le leng le le leng lefatšeng re ka fumana capuchin (Echinorhinus brucus). Ha ho letho le tsejoang ka biology ea mofuta ona. Li bonahala li lula botebong ba lipakeng tsa limithara tse 400 ho isa ho 900, leha li fumanoe li le haufi haholo le bokaholimo ba lefatše. Ke liphoofolo tse ovoviviparous, tse batlang li le butle ebile li le bolelele bo boholo ba limithara tse 3.
Shark e 'ngoe ea squaliform ke prickly sea shark (Oxynotus bruniensis). E lula metsing a boroa ho Australia le New Zealand, boroa-bophirima ho Pacific le India bochabela. E hlokometsoe ka botebo bo fapaneng, lipakeng tsa limithara tse 45 le 1,067. Ke liphoofolo tse nyane tse ka bang boholo ba lisenthimithara tse 76. Ke aplacental ovoviviparous le oophagia.
Mefuta e meng e tsebahalang ea lishaka tsa squaliformes ke:
- Pocket sharkMollisquama parini)
- Pygmy Shark ea mahlo a manyane (Squaliolus aliae)
- Shark ea Scraper (Miroscyllium sheikoi)
- Aculeola nigra
- Scymnodalatias albicauda
- Lesela la Centroscyllium
- Centroscymnus plunketi
- Velvet Shark ea Japane (Zamy Ichiharai)
Setšoantšong re ka bona kopi ea pygmy shark e nang le mahlo a manyane:
Carcharhiniformes
Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa mefuta e ka bang 200 ea lishaka, hara tsona tse tsebahalang haholo, joalo ka hamore shaka (sphyrna lewini). Liphoofolo tsa taelo ena le tse latelang li se li ntse li le teng na le manaka. Sehlopha sena, ho feta moo, se khetholloa ka ho ba le nko e sephara, molomo o pharaletseng haholo o atolohelang ka nqane ho mahlo, eo mahlo a eona a tlase a sebetsang joalo ka lera le nictifying mme sistimi ea eona ea tšilo ea lijo e na le spiral belofo mantle.
O Nkoe shaka (Galeocerdo e thata haholoanyane) ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ea lishaka,' me, ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa lishaka, ke e 'ngoe ea litlhaselo tse atileng ka ho fetisisa tsa lishaka, hammoho le hlooho e sephara le shaka e tšoeu. Lishaka tsa nkoe li lula maoatleng a tropike kapa a maemo a futhumetseng le maoatleng ho pota lefatše. E fumanwa shelefong ya kontinenteng le mafikeng. Li viviparous le oophagia.
O cation ea molomo oa kristale (Galeorhinus Galeus) e lula metsing a hlatsoang bophirima ba Europe, Afrika bophirima, Amerika Boroa, lebopo le ka bophirima la United States le karolo e ka boroa ea Australia. Ba khetha libaka tse sa tebang. Ke mefuta ea aplacental viviparous shark, e nang le litter tsa bana ba pakeng tsa 20 le 35. Ke lishaka tse nyane, tse bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse pakeng tsa 120 le 135.
Mefuta e meng ea carcharhiniformes ke:
- Shark ea mafika a majoe (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos)
- Lishaka tse nang le litelusmithii leptocharias)
- Harlequin shakaCtenacis fehlmanni)
- Scylliogaleus quecketti
- Chaenogaleus macrostoma
- Hemigaleus microstoma
- Shark ea Snaggletooth (hemipristis elongata)
- Silver tip shaka (Carcharhinus albimarginatus)
- Lishaka tse ntle (Carcharhinus perezi)
- Borneo shark (Carcharhinus borneensis)
- Shark e tšohileng (Carcharhinus cautus)
Kopi e setšoantšong ke hamore shaka:
laminforms
Lamniform shark ke mefuta ea lishaka tse nang le Maphegwana a mabedi a mokwatla le lephegwana le le lengwe. Ha ba na mahlo a nictifying, ba na le lipulo tse hlano tsa gill le li-spiracles. Sephahla sa mala se entsoe ka selikalikoe. Tse ngata li na le sefene se selelele 'me molomo oa sona o ea ka morao mahlong.
Ea makatsang shaka ea shaka (Mitsukurina owstoni) e na le kabo ea lefats'e empa e sa lekana. Ha lia ajoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho tšela maoatle. Ho ka etsahala hore mofuta ona o fumanoe libakeng tse ngata, empa tlhaiso-leseling e tsoa ho ts'oasoang ka phoso ka matlooa a ho tšoasa litlhapi. Li phela lipakeng tsa 0 le 1300 metres botebo, 'me li ka feta limithara tse 6 ka bolelele. Mofuta oa eona oa ho ikatisa kapa biology ha o tsejoe.
O tlou shark (cetorhinus maximus) ha se sebatli se seholo joalo ka lishaka tse ling sehlopheng sena, ke mefuta e meholo haholo, ea metsi a batang e fepang ka ho sefa, e fallang ebile e ajoa haholo maoatleng le maoatleng a lefatše. Baahi ba phoofolo ena e fumanoang North Pacific le Northwest Atlantic ba kotsing ea ho timela.
Mefuta e meng ea lishaka tsa Lamniformes:
- Bull sharkTaurus Carcharias)
- Tricuspidatus carcharias
- Kwena shark (Kamoharai Pseudocarcharias)
- Molomo o moholo oa Shark (Megachasma pelagios)
- Pelagic fox shark (Alopias pelagicus)
- Shark ea mahlo a maholo (Alopias superciliosus)
- Shark e tšoeu (Carcharodon carcharias)
- Shark mako (Isurus oxyrinchus)
Ka setšoantšo re ka bona setšoantšo sa peregrine shark:
Orectolobiform
Mefuta ea shaka ea Orectolobiform e lula metsing a tropike kapa a futhumetseng. Li khetholloa ka ho ba le mokokotlo oa anal, mapheo a mabeli a mokokotlo a se nang mokokotlo molomo o monyane mabapi le 'mele, le dinko (e tšoanang le li-nasal orifices) tse buisanang le molomo, molomo o mokhuts'oane, hantle ka pela mahlo. Hona le mefuta e mashome a mararo a metso e meraro ea lishaka tsa orectolobiform.
O Whale shark (mofuta oa rhincodon) o lula maoatleng ohle a tropike, a tropike le a futhumetseng, ho kenyeletsoa le Mediterranean. Li fumanoa ho tloha holimo ho fihla botebo ba limithara tse ka bang 2000. Li ka fihla bolelele ba limithara tse 20 le boima bo fetang lithane tse 42. Bophelong bohle ba eona, whale shark e tla fepa liphoofolo tse fapaneng ho latela kholo ea eona. Ha e ntse e hola, phofu e boetse e ba kholoanyane.
Haufi le lebopo la Australia, botebong bo sa tebang (ka tlase ho limithara tse 200), re ka fumana carpet shark (Orectolobus halei). Hangata li lula mepopotlong ea likorale kapa libakeng tse majoe, moo li ka patehang habonolo. Ke liphoofolo tsa bosiu, li tsoa feela ka ho ipata ka shoalane. Ke mofuta oa viviparous oophagia.
Mefuta e meng ea orectolobiform shark:
- Cirrhoscyllium expolitum
- Parascyllium ferruginum
- Chiloscyllium arabicum
- Bamboo Gray Shark (Chiloscyllium griseum)
- Shark e foufetseng (brachaelurus waddi)
- Nebrius e tšabehang
- Zebra SharkStegostoma fasciatum)
Setšoantšo se bonts'a kopi ea carpet shark:
Heterodontiform
Mefuta ea heterodontiform shark ke liphoofolo tse nyane, di na le mokokotlo ntlheng ya mokokotlo, le leseneng la anal. Ka holim'a mahlo li na le sefuba, 'me ha li na lera le nictifying. Li na le li-gill slits tse hlano, tse tharo tsa tsona holima mapheoana a letlalo. E na le mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng ea meno, bokapele bo bohale ebile bo a kobeha, ha bokamorao bo bata ebile bo sephara, bo sebeletsa ho sila lijo. Ke lishaka tse oviparous.
O lenaka shark (Heterodontus francisci) ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e 9 e teng ea tatellano ena ea lishaka. E lula lebopong lohle le ka boroa la California, leha mofuta ona o fihla Mexico. Li ka fumanoa botebong ba limithara tse fetang 150, empa ho tloaelehile hore li fumanoe botebong ba limithara tse peli ho isa ho tse 11.
Boroa ho Australia, le Tanzania, li lula sebakeng sa port jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). Jwalo ka di shark tse ding tsa heterodontiform, di phela metsing a hodimo mme di ka fumanwa ho fihla botebo ba dimithara tse 275. Hape ke bosiu, 'me motšehare e ipatile mepopotlong ea likorale kapa libakeng tse majoe. Li bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse ka bang 165.
Mefuta e meng ea heterodontiform shark ke:
- Shark ea hlooho ea hlooho ea hlooho ea khomo (Heterodontus Galeatus)
- Japanese horn shark (Heterodontus japonicus)
- Hornshark ea Mexico (Heterodontus mexicanus)
- Lenaka la shark la Oman (Heterodontus omanensis)
- Horn Shark ea Galapagos (Heterodontus quoyi)
- Lenaka la African horn (Joang heteroodontus)
- Zebrahorn Shark (liqoaha heteroodontus)
Tlhahiso: Liphoofolo tse 7 tse fumanehang ka seoelo lefatšeng
Shark e setšoantšong ke mohlala oa lenaka shark:
Hexanchiforms
Re phethela sengoloa sena ka mefuta ea lishaka ka hexanchiformes. Taelo ena ea lishaka e kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata ea bophelo ba khale, e leng tse tsheletseng feela. Li khetholloa ka ho ba le mokokotlo o le mong oa mokokotlo o nang le mokokotlo, ho buleha ha li-gill tse tšeletseng ho isa ho tse supileng mme ha ho na lera le nictifying mahlong.
O snake shark kapa eel shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineuse lula maoatleng a Atlantic le Pacific ka tsela e makatsang haholo. Li phela botebong bo boholo ba limithara tse 1,500, le bonyane ba limithara tse 50, leha li fumaneha ka bongata lipakeng tsa 500 le 1,000 metres. Ke mofuta wa viviparous, mme ho dumelwa hore kemolo ya yona e ka nka pakeng tsa selemo se le seng le tse pedi.
O shaka ya kgomo e mahlo a maholo (Hexanchus Nakamurai) e ajoa ka bongata maoatleng le maoatleng a futhumetseng kapa a futhumetseng, empa joalo ka maemong a fetileng, kabo ea eona e matla haholo. Ke mofuta oa metsi a tebileng, a lipakeng tsa 90 le 620 metres. Hangata li fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 180. Li na le li-ovoviviparous 'me li robala pakeng tsa tse 13 le 26.
Lishaka tse ling tsa hexanchiform ke:
- Eel shark ea Afrika Boroa (Chlamydoselachus oa Afrika)
- Shark ea gill tse supileng (Heptanchia perlo)
- Albacore shark (Hexanchus griseus)
- Ntja ea moloi (Notorynchus cepedianus)
Bala hape: Liphoofolo tse 5 tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng
Setšoantšong, khopi ea noha shaka kapa eel shark:
Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Mefuta ea Shark - Mefuta le Litšobotsi tsa Tsona, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.