Litaba
- Liphoofolo tsa pele tse jang e ne e le eng?
- Ho arohana ka li-feline le li-caniform
- Ntate-moholo oa ntja ke eng?
- Tšimoloho ea ntja le li-canids tse ling
- Ntja e tsoa phiring?
- ho iphetola ha lintja
- Batho le Lintja: Likopano tsa pele
- Ntja ea malapeng
- Tšimoloho ea mefuta ea lintja
- Boiteko bo bong bo hlōlehileng
THE tšimoloho ea ntja ea lapeng e bile taba e tsekisano ka makholo a lilemo, e tletse lintho tse sa tsejoeng le litšōmo tsa bohata. Le ha hajoale ho ntse ho na le lipotso tse lokelang ho rarolloa, mahlale a fana ka likarabo tsa bohlokoa haholo tse thusang ho utloisisa hantle hore na hobaneng lintja e le tsona liphoofolo tse ruuoang ka ho fetesisa kapa hobaneng, ho fapana le liphiri kapa likatse, mofuta ona ke o ruuoang haholo.
Na o kile oa ipotsa hore na tšimoloho ea lintja? Tseba ka PeritoPhoofolo ka tsohle ka Canis lupus familiaris, ho qala ka li-carnivores tsa pele mme ho qetella ka palo e kholo ea mefuta ea lintja e teng kajeno. Haeba u rata ho tseba ka botlalo lintlha tsa tšimoloho ea ntja, se ke oa fetoa ke monyetla ona oa ho etela lintho tse fetileng le ho utloisisa hore na li qalile kae le joang.
Liphoofolo tsa pele tse jang e ne e le eng?
Tlaleho ea masapo ea pele ea phoofolo e jang nama e qalile morao koana Lilemong tse limilione tse 50 tse fetileng, ho Eocene. Phoofolo ena ea pele e bile arboreal, o fepa ka ho lelekisa le ho tsoma liphoofolo tse ling tse nyane ho yena. E ne e ts'oana le marten, empa ka nko e khuts'oane. Ka hona, liphoofolo tsena tse jang nama li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli:
- Li-caniforms: li-canids, litiiso, li-walrus, li-possum, libere ...
- Li-feline: li-feline, mongooses, liphatsa tsa lefutso ...
Ho arohana ka li-feline le li-caniform
Lihlopha tsena tse peli li fapana ka mokhoa oa mantlha ka sebopeho sa ka hare sa tsebe le meno. Karohano ea lihlopha tsena tse peli e bakiloe ke phapano ea libaka. Joaloka pholiso ea polanete, a boima ba moru bo ne bo ntse bo lahleha 'me makhulo a fumana sebaka. Ke nakong eo li-feliform li ileng tsa sala lifateng 'me likhetla li ile tsa qala ho sebetsa ka mokhoa oa ho tsoma liphofu makhulong, kaha li-caniform, ntle le tse fokolang, ho hloka manala a hulang ka morao.
Ntate-moholo oa ntja ke eng?
Ho tseba tšimoloho ea ntja, ho hlokahala hore u khutlele morao ho li-canids tsa pele e hlahileng Amerika Leboea, kaha canid ea pele e tsejoang ke Prohesperocyon, e neng e lula sebakeng sa hona joale sa Texas lilemong tse limilione tse 40 tse fetileng. Canid ena e ne e le boholo ba raccoon empa e le bosesane ebile e na le maoto a malelele ho feta baholo-holo ba eona ba mehleng ea khale.
Canid e kholo ka ho fetisisa e tsejoang e ne e le epicyon. Ka hlooho e matla haholo, e ne e tšoana le tau kapa phiri ho feta phiri. Ha ho tsejoe hore na e ne e tla ba setloholo sa nama kapa o ne a ka tsoma ka lipakete, joalo ka phiri ea hajoale. Liphoofolo tsena li ne li koaletsoe Amerika Leboea kajeno mme li qalile lilemong tse lipakeng tsa 20 le 5 tse fetileng. Ba ile ba fihla ho limithara tse hlano le li-kilos tse 150.
Tšimoloho ea ntja le li-canids tse ling
Lilemong tse limilione tse 25 tse fetileng, Amerika Leboea, sehlopha se ne se arohana, se ileng sa baka ponahalo ea beng ka bona ba khale ka ho fetisisa ba liphiri, li-raccoon le liphokojoe. 'Me ka ho tsoela pele ho phola hoa polanete, lilemong tse limilione tse 8 tse fetileng, Borokho ba Bering Strait, e neng e lumella lihlopha tsena e fihlile Eurasia, moo ba neng ba tla fihlela maemo a bona a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a mefuta-futa. Eurasia, ea pele likennel lupus le hlahile feela halofo ea milione lilemong tse fetileng, 'me lilemong tse 250,000 tse fetileng le ile la khutlela Amerika Leboea ka mose ho Bering Strait.
Ntja e tsoa phiring?
Ka 1871, Charles Darwin o ile a qala khopolo ea baholo-holo ba bangata, e neng e sisinya hore ntja e tsoa masumu, liphiri le liphokojoe. Leha ho le joalo, ka 1954, Konrad Lorenz o ile a qhala phiri e le mohloli oa lintja mme a etsa tlhahiso ea hore mefuta ea Nordic e tsoe phiring 'me e setseng e tsoe ho phokojoe.
ho iphetola ha lintja
Ebe file ea ntja e tsoa phiring? Hajoale, ka lebaka la tatellano ea DNA, ho fumanoe hore ntja, phiri, phiri le phokojoe arolelana tatellano ea DNA le hore tse ts'oanang haholo ke DNA ea ntja le phiri. Phuputso e phatlalalitsoeng ka 2014[1] netefatsa hore ntja le phiri ke tsa mofuta o le mong, empa hore ke li-subspecies tse fapaneng. Ho hakanngoa hore lintja le liphiri li ka ba le moholo-holo ea tloaelehileng, empa ha ho na lithuto tsa makhaola-khang.
Fumana hore na ke lintja life tse shebahalang joaloka liphiri sengolong sena sa PeritoAnimal.
Batho le Lintja: Likopano tsa pele
Ha lilemo tse 200,000 tse fetileng batho ba pele ba tloha Afrika mme ba fihla Europe, li-canids li ne li se ntse li le teng. Ba phetse hammoho e le bahlolisani nako e telele ho fihlela ba qala mokhatlo oa bona lilemong tse ka bang 30,000 tse fetileng.
letsatsi la lithuto tsa lefutso lintja tsa pele Lilemong tse likete tse 15 tse fetileng, sebakeng sa Asia se tsamaellanang le China ea sejoale-joale, se lumellanang le qaleho ea temo. Liphuputso tsa morao-rao tsa 2013 tse tsoang Univesithing ea Uppsala ea Sweden [2] bolela hore ho rua ha ntja ho amana le phapang ea lefutso lipakeng tsa phiri le ntja, e amanang le nts'etsopele ea tsamaiso ea methapo le metabolism ea starch.
Ha lihoai tsa pele li itlhahisa, li hlahisa lijo tse nang le starchy e matla, lihlopha tse sebelisang monyetla atamela libaka tsa bolulo tsa batho, a ja masalla a meroho a nang le starch. Lintja tsena tsa pele le tsona li ne li le teng e mabifi ho feta liphiri, e neng e thusa ho rua malapa.
THE lijo tse nang le starchy ho ne ho hlokahala hore mofuta oo o atlehe, hobane mefuta e fapaneng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ileng ea hlokofatsoa ke lintja tsena e ne e ba thatafalletsa ho phela ka ho ja lijo tsa bo-ntat'a bona moholo feela.
Lipapaka tsa lintja li ne li fumana lijo motsaneng, ka hona, li sireletsa sebaka sa liphoofolo tse ling, e leng taba e thusitseng batho. Joale re ne re ka re ts'ebetsong ena e lumelletse khakanyo lipakeng tsa mefuta ka bobeli, e ileng ea fella ka ho ruoa ha ntja.
Ntja ea malapeng
THE Khopolo ea Coppinger e bolela hore lilemong tse 15,000 tse fetileng, li-canids li ile tsa atamela metseng ho ea batla lijo tse bonolo. Mohlomong ho etsahetse joalo mehlala e bonolo le e itšepileng ka ho fetisisa ba ne ba le monyetla oa ho fumana lijo ho feta ba neng ba sa tšepe batho. Kahoo, lintja tse hlaha botsoalle le botsitso li ne li na le phihlello e ngata ea lisebelisoa, tse lebisitseng ho pholoheng ho hoholo mme tsa baka meloko e mecha ea lintja tse bonolo. Khopolo ena e qhela mohopolo oa hore ke motho ea ileng a atamela ntja pele ka sepheo sa ho e thapisa.
Tšimoloho ea mefuta ea lintja
Hajoale, re tseba mefuta e fetang 300 ea lintja, tse ling tsa tsona li maemong a tšoanang. Sena se bakoa ke hore qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, Engelane ea Victoria e ile ea qala ho nts'etsapele li-eugenics, saense e ithutang ka liphatsa tsa lefutso ebile e ikemiselitse ho ntlafatso ea mefuta. Tlhaloso ea SAR [3] e tjena:
Ho tsoa ho Fr. li-eugenics, 'me ena e tsoa ho gr. εὖ nna 'hantle -liphatsa tsa lefutso '-Genesis'.
1. f. Med. Ho ithuta le ho sebelisa melao ea lefa la tlhaho e reretsoeng ho ntlafatsa mefuta ea batho.
Morabe o mong le o mong o na le litšobotsi tse itseng tsa morpholoji tse o khethollang, 'me bahlahisi ho pholletsa le nalane ba kopantse litšobotsi tsa boits'oaro le bohale ho nts'etsapele merabe e mecha e ka fang batho ts'ebeliso e' ngoe kapa e 'ngoe. Phuputso ea lefutso ea merabe e fetang 161 e supa Basenji e le ntja ea khale ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ho tloha moo mefuta eohle ea lintja eo re e tsebang kajeno e tsoetseng pele.
Li-Eugenics, feshene le liphetoho maemong a mefuta e fapaneng li entse botle botle bo khethollang mefuteng ea ntja ea hajoale, ho siea boiketlo, bophelo bo botle, sebopeho kapa litlamorao tsa morphological tseo li ka li bakang.
Fumana ka PeritoPhoofolo hore na mefuta ea lintja e fetohile joang ka linepe tsa pele le hona joale.
Boiteko bo bong bo hlōlehileng
Ho fumanoe mesaletsa ea lintja ntle le liphiri Europe Bohareng, e leng ea boiteko bo hlōlehileng ba ho rua liphiri nakong eo. nako ea ho qetela ea leqhoa, pakeng tsa lilemo tse likete tse 30 le tse 20 tse fetileng. Empa e bile ho fihlela tšimolohong ea temo hore ho rua malapeng ha sehlopha sa pele sa lintja ho hlile hoa utloahala. Rea tšepa sengoloa sena se fane ka lintlha tse khahlisang ka tšimoloho ea li-canids le li-carnivores tsa pele.
