Litaba
- Lihlopha tsa liphoofolo tse lulang mahaheng le mekoting
- Proteus
- Guacharo
- teddy bat
- Sekho se Synopoda scurion
- Mole mole
- hlobotse mole rat
- Rodent Zygogeomys trichopus
- beaver ea Amerika
- Khudu ya Afrika e hlohleleditše
- Eupolybotrus cavernicolus
- Liphoofolo tse ling tse lulang mahaheng kapa mekoting
Mefuta-futa ea liphoofolo polaneteng e hapile hoo e batlang e le litsamaiso tsohle tsa tikoloho bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea eona, ho baka libaka tse fokolang haholo tse seng malapeng mofuta o mong oa liphoofolo. Sehloohong sena sa Peritoanimal re batla ho u fa sengoloa se buang ka liphoofolo tse lulang mahaheng, tse tsejoang e le liphoofolo tsa mahaheng, hape le tse lulang mekoting, tse hlahisitseng litšobotsi tse 'maloa tse nolofaletsang bophelo libakeng tsena.
Ho na le lihlopha tse tharo tsa liphoofolo tse nang le ho ikamahanya le lehae la lehae mme tlhophiso e joalo e hlaha ho latela ts'ebeliso ea bona ea tikoloho. Kahoo, ho na le liphoofolo tsa troglobite, liphoofolo tsa troglophile le liphoofolo tse tharo. Sehloohong sena re tla bua hape ka sehlopha se seng se bitsoang liphoofolo tsa khale.
Na u batla ho tseba mehlala e fapaneng ea liphoofolo tse lulang mahaheng le mekoting? Kahoo tsoela pele ho bala!
Lihlopha tsa liphoofolo tse lulang mahaheng le mekoting
Joalokaha re se re boletse, ho na le lihlopha tse tharo tsa liphoofolo tse lulang mahaheng. Mona re tla li qaqisa hamolemo:
- liphoofolo tsa troglobite: ke mefuta eo ts'ebetsong ea eona ea ho iphetola ha lintho e ikhethileng hore e phele feela ka mahaheng kapa mahaheng. Har'a tsona ho na le li-annelids, li-crustaceans, likokoanyana, li-arachnids esita le mefuta ea litlhapi tse kang lambaris.
- liphoofolo tse trogloxenous: ke liphoofolo tse hoheloang mahaheng 'me li ka hlahisa likarolo tse fapaneng joalo ka ho ikatisa le ho fepa kahare ho tsona, empa hape li ka ba kantle ho tsona, joalo ka mefuta e meng ea linoha, litoeba le bo-'mankhane.
- liphoofolo tsa troglophile: ke liphoofolo tse ka lulang kantle ho lehaha kapa kahare, empa ha li na litho tse ikhethang bakeng sa mahaha, joalo ka li-troglobites. Sehlopheng sena ho na le mefuta e meng ea li-arachnids, li-crustaceans le likokoanyana tse kang bo-maleshoane, maphele, likho le linta tsa noha.
Har'a liphoofolo tse phelang mekoting, re totobatsa liphoofolo tsa khale. Ke batho ba phunyang 'me ba phela ka tlas'a lefatše, empa ba ka boela ba tsamaea ka holimo, joalo ka' mole mole o hlobotseng, pibi, li-salamanders, litoeba tse ling esita le mefuta e meng ea linotsi le bobi.
E latelang, o tla kopana le mefuta e 'maloa eo e leng karolo ea lihlopha tsena.
Proteus
Proteus (Proteus anguinus) Ke troglobite amphibian e hemang ka har'a maqhubu 'me e na le tšobotsi e ikhethang ea ho se hlahise phetoho, e le hore e boloke hoo e batlang e le litšobotsi tsohle tsa seboko leha e se e le motho e moholo. Kahoo, likhoeling tse 4 tsa bophelo, motho o lekana le batsoali ba hae. amphibian ena ke eena feela setho sa mofuta oa Proteus 'Me e na le ponahalo e ts'oanang le mehlala e meng ea axolotl.
Ke phoofolo e nang le mmele o molelele, ho fihla ho cm 40, e nang le ponahalo e ts'oanang le noha. Mofuta ona o fumanoa libakeng tse ka tlas'a lefatše tsa metsing sebakeng sa Slovenia, Italy, Croatia le Bosnia.
Guacharo
Guácharo (Steatornis caripensise le 'ngoe nonyana ea troglophile letsoalloa la Amerika Boroa, le fumanehang haholo Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia le Ecuador, leha ho bonahala e le teng libakeng tse ling tsa kontinenteng. E khethiloe ke setsebi sa tlhaho Alexander von Humboldt ho le leng la maeto a hae a ho ea Venezuela.
Guácharo e boetse e tsejoa e le nonyana ea lehaha hobane e qeta letsatsi lohle sebakeng sena sa bolulo 'me e tsoa bosiu ho fepa litholoana. Bakeng sa ho ba e mong oa liphoofolo tsa mahaheng, moo ho se nang khanya, o lula teng ka ho itlhahloba 'me ho latela kutloisiso ea hae ea pele ea ho fofonela. Ka kakaretso, mahaha ao e ahileng ho eona ke sebaka se hohelang bahahlauli ho utloa le ho bona nonyana ena e ikhethang e tsoa hang ha bosiu bo oela.
teddy bat
Mefuta e fapaneng ea liphoofolo tsa 'mankhane ke mohlala o tloaelehileng oa li-troglophiles, le' mankhaneMiniopterus schreibersii) ke e mong oa bona. Phoofolo ena e anyesang e boholo bo mahareng, e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 5-6, e na le jase e teteaneng, 'mala o mosoeu ka mokokotlong le bobebe sebakeng sa ventral.
Phoofolo ena e ajoa ho tloha boroa-bophirima ho Europe, leboea le bophirima ba Afrika ho ea Middle East ho ea Caucasus. E leketlile libakeng tse phahameng tsa mahaheng tse fumanehang libakeng tseo e ahileng ho tsona le ka kakaretso fepa libakeng tse haufi le lehaha.
Haeba u rata liphoofolo tsena, fumana mefuta e fapaneng ea bo-'mankhane le litšoaneleho tsa tsona sengolong sena.
Sekho se Synopoda scurion
Sena ke sekho sa troglobite e tsebahalitsoe lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng Laos, ka har'a lehaha le ka bang 100 km. Ke ea lelapa la Sparassidae, sehlopha sa li-arachnids tse tsejoang e le sekho se seholo sa crab.
Ntho e ikhethang ea sekho sena sa ho tsoma ke bofofu ba eona, mohlomong bo bakoang ke sebaka se se nang khanya seo e fumanoang ho sona. Ntlheng ena, ha e na lilense tsa mahlo kapa mebala. Ntle ho pelaelo, ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse labalabelang ho tseba tse lulang mahaheng.
Mole mole
Li-moles ke sehlopha se ikemiselitseng ho lula mekoting eo le bona ba e chekang fatše. Mole ea Europe (Talpa ea Europe) ke mohlala oa sena, ho ba a phoofolo e anyesang ya boholo bo bonyenyane, e ka fihlellang ho 15 cm ka bolelele.
Tsamaiso ea eona e pharalletse, e fumaneha Europe le Asia. Le ha e ka lula mefuteng e fapaneng ea tikoloho le tikoloho ea eona, hangata e fumanoa ho meru e hlohlorehang (ka lifate tse hlabang). O aha letoto la likotopo tseo a tsamaeang ka tsona 'me, ka tlase, e le laire.
hlobotse mole rat
Leha e na le lebitso le tummeng, phoofolo ena ha e arolelane tlhophiso ea taxonomic le moles. Rara mole e hlobotse (heterocephalus glaber) ke litoeba tsa bophelo ba ka tlas'a lefatše e tšoauoa ka ho ba sieo ha moriri, ho o fang ponahalo e makatsang haholo. Kahoo ke mohlala o hlakileng oa liphoofolo tse lulang mahaheng a ka tlas'a lefatše. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe e ikhethang ke ho phela ha eona ka nako e telele sehlopheng sa litoeba, kaha e ka phela lilemo tse ka bang 30.
Phoofolo ena ea li-fossorial e na le sebopeho se rarahaneng sa sechaba, e tšoanang le ea likokoanyana tse ling. Ka kutloisiso ena, ho na le mofumahali le basebetsi ba bangata, mme ba morao ba ikarabella ho cheka likotopo tseo ba fetang ho tsona, ba batla lijo le ho itšireletsa khahlanong le bahlaseli. E tsoaletsoe Afrika Bochabela.
Rodent Zygogeomys trichopus
Liphoofolo tsena li batla li le kholo ha li bapisoa le litoeba tse ling, sehlopha seo li leng ho sona. Ka kutloisiso ena, ba Tekanyo e ka bang 35 cm. Mohlomong ka lebaka la bophelo ba hae ba ka tlase ho lefatše, mahlo a hae a manyane haholo.
Na Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea Mexico, haholo-holo Michoacán. E lula mobung o tebileng, e cheka mekoti e ka bang bophahamo ba limithara tse 2, ka hona ke mofuta oa zada fossorial, ka hona, ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse emeloang ka ho fetisisa tse lulang mekoting. E lula merung ea lithaba joalo ka phaene, phaene le alder.
beaver ea Amerika
Beaver ea Amerika (Beaver ea Canada) e nkoa e le litoeba tse kholo ka ho fetisisa Amerika Leboea, tse ka bang 80 cm.E na le litloaelo tsa metsing, kahoo e qeta nako e telele ka metsing, ho khona ho qoelisa ho fihlela metsotso e 15.
Ke phoofolo e ka etsang liphetoho tsa bohlokoa tikolohong eo e leng ho eona ka lebaka la kaho ea matamo a sehlopha. E khethehile ka haha matlo a hau a bolulo, eo e sebelisang lifate, moss le seretse, e fumanehang pela linoka le melapo moo e leng teng. Ke letsoalloa la Canada, United States le Mexico.
Khudu ya Afrika e hlohleleditše
E 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse phelang mekoting e makatsang ka ho fetesisa le e makatsang ke sekolopata se hloahloa sa Afrika (Centrochelys sulcata), e leng e 'ngoe mefuta ea mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale. Ke sekolopata sa lelapa la Testudinidae. E nkoa e le ea boraro e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ha e tona e le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 100 le 'mele o bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 85.
E ajoa haholo libakeng tse fapaneng tsa Afrika mme e ka fumaneha pela linoka le melatsoana, empa le libakeng tsa litutulu. Hangata e lula e le holimo hoseng le nakong ea lipula, empa bakeng sa letsatsi lohle e lula mekoting e tebileng eo e e chekang. ho fihlela ho limithara tse 15. Ka linako tse ling mekoti ena e ka sebelisoa ke batho ba fetang bonngoe.
Eupolybotrus cavernicolus
Ena ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse lulang mahaheng. Ke mofuta oa endogic troglobite centipede ho tsoa mahaheng a mabeli a Croatia a ileng a fumanoa lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng. Europe e tsejoa e le cyber-centipede hobane ke mofuta oa pele oa eukaryotic o hlahisitsoeng ka botlalo ho DNA le RNA, hape le morphologically le anatomically e ngolisitsoeng ka lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele haholo.
E ka ba bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse tharo, 'me e na le' mala o fapaneng le 'mala o mosehla o bosehla le bosootho bo sootho. Le leng la mahaha moo a lulang le bolelele ba limithara tse fetang 2800 'me metsi a teng. Batho ba pele ba neng ba bokelloa ba ne ba le fatše ka tlasa mafika, libakeng tse se nang khanya, empa e ka bang limithara tse 50 ho tloha monyako, ka hona, ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse lulang mahaheng a ka tlas'a lefatše.
Liphoofolo tse ling tse lulang mahaheng kapa mekoting
Mefuta e boletsoeng ka holimo hase eona feela. liphoofolo tsa mahaheng kapa ba khona ho cheka mekoti ebe ba phela bophelo ba ka tlas'a lefatše. Ho na le ba bang ba bangata ba arolelanang litloaelo tsena. Mona ke tse ling tsa tsona:
- Neobisium birsteini: ke troglobite pseudoscorpion.
- Troglohyphantes sp.: ke mofuta oa sekho sa troglophile.
- Schaefferia e tebileng: ke mofuta oa troglobite arthropod.
- Plutomurus ortobalaganensis: mofuta oa troglobite arthropod.
- Li-Cavical catops: ena ke troglophile coleopter.
- Oryctolagus cuniculus: ke mmutla o tloaelehileng, e leng e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse tsebahalang haholo tse phuputsang, ka hona, ke mofuta oa li-fossorial.
- Mmopo wa Baibacina: ke mmutlwa o moputswa, le ona o phela mekoting mme ke mofuta wa mesaletsa ya kgale.
- Dipodomys agilis: ke rat ea kangaroo, hape ke phoofolo e sebelisang lintho tsa khale.
- mahe a linotsi mahe a linotši: ke pela e tloaelehileng, mofuta oa mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale o lulang mekoting.
- Eisenia foetida: ke bo bofubelu ba ka, phoofolo e 'ngoe ea li-fossorial.
Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Liphoofolo tse lulang mahaheng le mekoting, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.