Litaba
- Ho joang ho aroloa ha liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo
- Liphoofolo tse nang le 'mele ho latela moetlo oa Linnean
- Superclass Agnatos (ha ho mohlahare)
- Superclass Gnatostomados (e nang le mehlahare)
- Tetrapoda Superclass (e nang le lipheletsong tse 'ne)
- Liphoofolo tse nang le 'mele ho ea ka tlhophiso ea cladistic
- Mehlala e meng ea liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo
- Mefuta e meng ea tlhophiso ea liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo
Liphoofolo tse nang le 'mele ke tsona tse nang le masapo a ka hare, e ka bang masapo kapa lefufuru, 'me ea ba ea subphylum ea mathata, ke hore, li na le khoele ea mokokotlo kapa notchord mme li entsoe ka sehlopha se seholo sa liphoofolo, ho kenyeletsoa lihlapi le liphoofolo tse anyesang. Tsena li arolelana litšobotsi tse ling le subphyla e 'ngoe e qalang, empa li hlahisa likarolo tse ncha le tse ncha tse ba lumellang ho aroloa ka har'a sisteme ea tekanyetso ea taxonomic.
Sehlopha sena se boetse se bitsoa craneados, e bolelang boteng ba lehata liphoofolong tsena, ebang ke tsa masapo kapa tsa lefufuru. Leha ho le joalo, lentsoe leo bo-rasaense ba bang ba le hlalositse e le la khale. Sistimi ea ho khetholla le ho khetholla mefuta-futa ea mefuta-futa ea liphoofolo e hakanya hore ho na le mefuta e fetang 60,000 ea lesapo la mokokotlo, sehlopha se fapaneng ka ho hlaka se nang le mefuta eohle ea lihloliloeng lefatšeng. Sehloohong sena ke PeritoAnimal re tla u tsebisa tlhophiso ea liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo. Ho bala hantle!
Ho joang ho aroloa ha liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo
Liphoofolo tse nang le 'mele li na le bohlale, li na le bokhoni bo botle ba kutloisiso' me li khona ho etsa metsamao e fapaneng haholo ka lebaka la mateano a mesifa le masapo.
Likokoana-hloko li tsejoa hore lia utloisisa, ka tsela e bonolo:
- Litlhapi
- liphoofolo tse phelang metsing
- dihahabi
- linonyana
- Dinyantshi
Leha ho le joalo, hajoale ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea tlhophiso ea liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo: Linnean ea setso le cladistic. Leha sehlopha sa Linnean se 'nile sa sebelisoa ka tloaelo, lithuto tsa morao-rao li phethela hore tlhophiso ea cladistic e theha mekhahlelo e fapaneng mabapi le tlhophiso ea liphoofolo tsena.
Ntle le ho hlalosa mekhoa ena e 'meli ea ho arola liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo, re tla boela re u hlahise ka tlhophiso e ipapisitseng le litšobotsi tse akaretsang tsa lihlopha tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo.
Liphoofolo tse nang le 'mele ho latela moetlo oa Linnean
Sehlopha sa Linnean ke sistimi e amoheloang lefatšeng ka bophara ke sechaba sa mahlale se fanang ka tsela e sebetsang ebile e na le thuso ho arola lefatše la lintho tse phelang ka bongata. Leha ho le joalo, ka tsoelo-pele haholo-holo libakeng tse kang ho iphetola ha lintho 'me ka hona liphatseng tsa lefutso, likarolo tse ling tse khethiloeng moleng ona li ile tsa tlameha ho fetoha ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. Tlas'a tlhophiso ena, lesapo la mokokotlo le arotsoe ka:
Superclass Agnatos (ha ho mohlahare)
Mokhahlelong ona, re fumana:
- Cephalaspidomorphs: ena ke sehlopha se seng se felile.
- Hyperartios: mona ho tla mabone (joalo ka mefuta Likepe tsa Petromyzon) le liphoofolo tse ling tsa metsing, tse nang le 'mele e melelele le e nang le' mele.
- Metsoako: tse tsejoang ka hore ke hagfish, e leng liphoofolo tsa metsing, tse nang le 'mele e telele haholo ebile e le tsa khale haholo.
Superclass Gnatostomados (e nang le mehlahare)
Mona ho hlophisitsoe:
- Li-placoderms: sehlopha se seng se felile.
- Acanthodes: sehlopha se seng se timetseng.
- Li-chondrite: moo ho fumanoang litlhapi tse lefufuru joalo ka blue shark (Prionace glauca) le stingray, joalo ka Aetobatus narinari, lipakeng tsa ba bang.
- osteite: di tsejwa ka ho tsejwang ka hore ke dihlapi tsa masapo, tseo re ka di bolelang ka mofuta wa tsona Plectorhinchus vittatus.
Tetrapoda Superclass (e nang le lipheletsong tse 'ne)
Litho tsa sehlopha sena se phahameng haholo ba na le mehlahare. Mona re fumana sehlopha se fapaneng sa liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo, se arotsoeng ka mekhahlelo e mene:
- liphoofolo tse phelang metsing.
- dihahabi.
- linonyana.
- Dinyantshi.
Liphoofolo tsena li atlehile ho nts'etsapele libakeng tsohle tse fumanehang, li ajoa ho pholletsa le lefatše.
Liphoofolo tse nang le 'mele ho ea ka tlhophiso ea cladistic
Ka tsoelo-pele ea lithuto tsa ho iphetola ha lintho le ntlafatso ea lipatlisiso liphatseng tsa lefutso, tlhophiso ea cladistic e hlahile, e khethollang phapang ea libopuoa tse sebetsang hantle ka mokhoa oa tsona. likamano tsa ho iphetola ha lintho. Mofuteng ona oa tlhophiso ho na le liphapang hape ho tla latela lintlha tse 'maloa, ka hona ha ho na litlhaloso tse felletseng bakeng sa lihlopha tse fapaneng. Ho ea ka sebaka sena sa baeloji, ka tloaelo likokoana-hloko li khetholloa e le:
- Li-cyclostomes: litlhapi tse se nang mohlahare tse kang hagfish le mabone a lebone.
- Li-chondrite: tlhapi ea lefufuru joalo ka lishaka.
- sebapali: li-bony fish tse kang trout, salmon le eels, har'a tse ling tse ngata.
- Dipnoos: lungfish, joalo ka tlhapi ea salamander.
- liphoofolo tse phelang metsing: dihoho, dinqanqane le di salamanders.
- Dinyantshi: maruarua, bo-'mankhane le liphiri, hara tse ling tse ngata.
- Lepidosaurians: mekholutsoane le linoha, hara tse ling.
- Litlhahlobo: likolopata.
- li-archosaurs: dikwena le dinonyana.
Mehlala e meng ea liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo
Mehlala e meng ea liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo ke tsena:
- Dolphin e putsoa (Sotalia guianensis)
- Lengau (Panthera onca)
- Anteater e kholo (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
- Likoekoe tsa New Zealand (Coturnix novaezelandiae)
- Pernambuco Cabure (Glaucidium mooreorum)
- Phiri e nang le maned (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
- Ntsu e putsoa (Urubinga coronata)
- Hummingbird e mahlo-mafubelu (Colibri serrirostris)
Sengoliloeng sena se seng sa PeritoAnimal, o ka bona mehlala e meng ea liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo le tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo le litšoantšo tse 'maloa tsa liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo.
Mefuta e meng ea tlhophiso ea liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo
Likokoana-hloko li ne li hlophisitsoe hammoho hobane li arolelana karolo e tloaelehileng ho ba teng ha lehata sete e fanang ka tšireletso bokong le lesapo la mokokotlo kapa lefufuru tse potileng mokokotlo oa mokokotlo. Empa, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka lebaka la litšobotsi tse itseng tse ikhethang, li ka aroloa ka kakaretso ho:
- Agnates: e kenyelletsa metsoako le mabone a lebone.
- Gnatostomados: moo ho fumanoang litlhapi, lesapo la mokokotlo le hlahliloeng ka lipheletsong tse etsang mapheoana le li-tetrapod, e leng tse ling tsa lesapo la mokokotlo.
Mokhoa o mong oa ho arola liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo ke ka ho hola ha embryonic:
- li-amniotes: e bolela tswelopele ya lesea le ka pōpelong ka mokotleng o tletseng metsi, joalo ka ha ho le joalo ka lihahabi, linonyana le liphoofolo tse anyesang.
- anamniotes: e totobatsa linyeoe tseo lehe le emmeng le sa holang ka mokotleng o tletseng metsi, moo re ka kenyang litlhapi le li-amphibian.
Joalokaha re ile ra khona ho bontša, ho na le phapang e itseng lipakeng tsa litsamaiso tsatlhophiso liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo, 'me sena se fana ka maikutlo a boemo ba ho rarahana bo teng ts'ebetsong ena ea ho khetholla le ho hlophisa mefuta-futa ea polanete.
Ka kutloisiso ena, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho theha litekanyetso tse felletseng mekhoeng ea ho khetholla, leha ho le joalo, re ka ba le mohopolo oa hore na liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo li arotsoe joang, karolo ea mantlha ea ho utloisisa matla le phetoho ea tsona ka har'a lefatše.
Kaha joale u tseba hore na liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo ke eng 'me u tseba mefuta ea tsona e fapaneng ea tlhophiso, u kanna oa khahloa ke sengoloa sena se buang ka phetoho ea meloko ea liphoofolo.
Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Kemiso ea liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.