Litaba
- Liphoofolo tse nang le khoka ke eng
- Litšobotsi tsa liphoofolo tse sa sisinyeheng
- Thathamisa ka mehlala ea liphoofolo tse sa bonoeng
- Litlhahiso tsa Perissodactyls
- Li-artioodactyls
- Liphoofolo tsa khale tse nang le litlhako
- Liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho fela
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tlhaloso ea "ungulate" e phehiloe khang ke litsebi. Taba ea ho kenyelletsa kapa ho se be le lihlopha tse itseng tsa liphoofolo tseo, kamoo ho bonahalang li sena letho, kapa pelaelo ea hore na moholo-holo e leng mang, e bile mabaka a mabeli a puisano.
Polelwana "ungulate" e tsoa lentsoeng la Selatine "ungula", le bolelang "lenala". Li boetse li bitsoa unguligrade, kaha ke liphoofolo tse maoto a mane tse tsamaeang manala a tsona. Leha ho na le tlhaloso ena, ka nako e 'ngoe, li-cetacean li ne li kenyelelitsoe sehlopheng sa batho ba sa lumelang, e leng taba e sa bonahaleng e utloahala, kaha li-cetacean ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse se nang maoto. Kahoo, sengoloeng sena sa PeritoAnimal, re batla ho hlalosa file ea Tlhaloso ea liphoofolo tse sa bonoeng le hore na ke mefuta efe e teng hona joale sehlopheng. Ho bala hantle.
Liphoofolo tse nang le khoka ke eng
Liphoofolo tse nang le likhama ke taolo e kholo ea liphoofolo eo tsamaea ba its'etlehile matsohong a bona kapa ba na le moholo-holo ea tsamaileng ka tsela ena, leha litloholo tsa bona hajoale li se na tsona.
Pejana, poleloana e reng ungulate e ne e sebelisoa feela ho liphoofolo tse nang le litlhako tsa litaelo Mosebetsi(esita le menoana) le Perissodactyla(menoana e makatsang) empa ha nako e ntse e tsamaea ho kentsoe litaelo tse ling tse hlano, tse ling tsa tsona ha li na lieta. Mabaka a entseng hore litaelo tsena li eketsoe e ne e le phylogenetic, empa kamano ena e se e bontšitsoe e le ea maiketsetso. Ka hona, lentsoe ungulate ha le sa na bohlokoa ba lekhetho mme tlhaloso e nepahetseng ke "Phoofolo e anyesang e hlakoang”.
Litšobotsi tsa liphoofolo tse sa sisinyeheng
Moelelo oa "ungulate" o lebelletse e 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa sehlopha: ke tsona diphoofolo tse tlotsitsoeng. Litlhako ha se letho ho feta manala a fetotsoeng, ka hona, a entsoe ka unguis (poleiti e bopehileng joaloka sekala se thata haholo) le subunguis (lisele tse bobebe tse ka hare tse hokahanyang unguis le monoana). Li-ungulates ha li ame fatše ka kotloloho ka menoana ea tsona, empa ka sena lenala le fetotsoeng le thatelang monoana, joalo ka silindara. Mekhabiso ea menoana e ka morao ho khōla 'me e ama fatše liphoofolong tse kang lipere, li-tapir kapa litšukulu, kaofela e le tsa tatellano ea li-perissodactyls. Li-artiodactyls li tšehetsa menoana e bohareng feela, tse lateral li fokotsehile haholo kapa ha li eo.
Ponahalo ea litlhako e bile mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho iphetola ha liphoofolo tsena. Litlhako li tšehetsa boima bo felletseng ba phoofolo, masapo a menoana le letsoho li le karolo ea leoto. Masapo ana a se a le malelele joalo ka masapo a maoto le matsoho. Liphetoho tsena li lumelletse sehlopha sena sa liphoofolo ho qoba tlholeho. Mehato ea hau e ile ea pharalla, ho khona ho matha ka lebelo le hodimo, ho qoba liphoofolo tse li jang.
Karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea liphoofolo tse sa bonoeng ke litlama. Boholo ba li-ungulates ke liphoofolo tse jang limela, ntle le likolobe (likolobe), e leng liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse ngata. Ntle le moo, ka har'a batho ba sa bonahaleng re fumana liphoofolo tse busang, ka sistimi ea eona ea tšilo ea lijo e ikamahantseng le tšebeliso ea limela. Kaha ke liphoofolo tse jang limela hape ke phofu, masea a sa tsitsang, kamora ho tsoaloa, a ka ema a otlolohile mme ka nako e khuts'oane haholo ba tla khona ho baleha libatana tsa bona.
Liphoofolo tse ngata tse etsang sehlopha se senang bongata li na le tsona manaka kapa manaka, tseo ba li sebelisang ho itšireletsa 'me ka linako tse ling li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho batleng molekane le leferehong, kaha li sebelisoa moetlong o etsoang ke banna ho bontša bophahamo ba bona.
Thathamisa ka mehlala ea liphoofolo tse sa bonoeng
Sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse sa bonoeng se pharalletse haholo ebile se fapane, le ho feta haeba re ka eketsa liphoofolo tsa khale tse nkoang e le li-ungulates, joalo ka li-cetacean. Maemong ana, ha re shebaneng le tlhaloso ea hajoale, diphoofolo tse tlotsitsoeng. Kahoo, re fumane lihlopha tse 'maloa:
Litlhahiso tsa Perissodactyls
- lipere
- litonki
- Qoaha
- litapole
- ditshukudu
Li-artioodactyls
- likamele
- Llamas
- Kolobe e hlaha
- likolobe
- likolobe-moru
- Litoeba tsa likhama
- matsa
- lithuhlo
- Pulumo
- Okapi
- likhama
Liphoofolo tsa khale tse nang le litlhako
Kaha 'mele o ne o hlalosoa e le tšobotsi e ka sehloohong ea batho ba sa lumelang, lithuto tsa thuto ea ho iphetola ha lintho li shebile ho fumana moholo-holo ea tloaelehileng ea ileng a ba le tšobotsi ena pele. Li-ungulates tsena tsa khale li ne li tla ba le phepo e sa sebetseng hantle 'me li ne li le monate haholo, hoa tsebahala hore tse ling e ne e le liphoofolo tse jang likokoanyana.
Boithuto ba mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale bo fumanoeng le likarolo tsa anatomiki li hokahantse litaelo tse hlano ho lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa li-ungulates tse seng li felile ho moholo-holo a le mong, taelo ea Condylarthra, ho tloha Paleocene (lilemo tse 65 ho isa ho 54.8 lilemong tse fetileng). Sehlopha sena sa liphoofolo se boetse se hlahisitse litaelo tse ling, joalo ka li-cetacean, hajoale ha li tšoane le moholo-holo enoa.
Liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho fela
Ho ea ka lenane le khubelu la IUCN (Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Paballo ea Tlhaho), ho na le mefuta e mengata e ntseng e fokotseha hajoale, joalo ka:
- Tshukudu ya Sumatran
- qoaha e hlakileng
- Tapir ea Brazil
- esele e hlaha ea afrika
- thaba tapir
- tapir
- Okapi
- likhama tsa metsi
- Thuhlo
- Goral
- Cobo
- oribi
- duiker e ntšo
Tšoso e kholo ea liphoofolo tsena ke motho, e felisang baahi ka ho senya tikoloho ea bona, ekaba molemong oa ho theha lijalo, ho rema lifate kapa ho theha libaka tsa indasteri, ho sa laoloe le ho tsongoa hampe, ho rekisoa ka mefuta e seng molaong, ho hlahisoa ha mefuta e hlaselang, jj. Ho fapana le moo, motho o ile a nka qeto ea hore mefuta e meng ea batho ba sa lumelloang e tla ba molemong oa hae, joalo ka li-ungulates tsa malapeng kapa li-ungulate tsa liphoofolo. Liphoofolo tsena, ntle le sebata sa tlhaho, li eketsa ho arohana ha tikoloho le li baka ho se leka-lekane ha mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng.
Haufinyane, palo ea liphoofolo tse ling tse neng li tšositsoe habohloko e qalile ho eketseha, ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa machabeng oa paballo, khatello ea mebuso e fapaneng le tlhokomeliso ka kakaretso. Ho joalo ka litšukulu tse ntšo, litšukulu tse tšoeu, litšukulu tsa India, pere ea Przewalski, guanaco le tšephe.
Kaha joale u tseba ntho e ngoe le e ngoe ka liphoofolo tse sa bonoeng, o kanna oa khahloa ke sengoloa sena se seng se mabapi le liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho timela Amazon.
Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Liphoofolo tse Hoofed - Moelelo, Litšobotsi le Mehlala, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.