Litaba
- transgenesis ke eng
- Liphoofolo tsa transgenic ke eng
- Transgenesis ka microinjection ea zygotes
- Transgenesis ka ho qhekella lisele tsa embryonic
- Transgenesis ka phetoho ea sele ea somatic le phetisetso ea nyutlelie kapa cloning
- Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse fetohang
- Liphoofolo tsa Transgenic: melemo le likotsi
- Melemo
- Likotsi
E 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tsa bohlokoahali tsoelo-peleng ea mahlale e bile monyetla oa ho clone liphoofolo. Ho na le menyetla e metle ea ts'ebeliso ea bongaka le biotechnological, hobane mafu a mangata a felisitsoe ka lebaka la liphoofolo tsena. Empa ha e le hantle ke eng? Melemo le likotsi tsa eona ke life?
Sengoliloeng sena ke PeritoAnimal, rea hlalosa liphoofolo tse transgenic ke eng, transgenesis e na le eng, mme e bonts'a mehlala le litšobotsi tsa liphoofolo tse ling tse tsebahalang tsa transgenic.
transgenesis ke eng
Transgenesis ke mokhoa oo ho oona Tlhahisoleseling ea liphatsa tsa lefutso (DNA kapa RNA) ea fetisoa ho tloha seboping se seng ho ea ho se seng, ho fetola ea bobeli, le litloholo tsohle tsa eona, ho lintho tse phelang. Sesebelisoa sa lefutso se felletseng ha se fetisoe, ke lefutso le le leng feela kapa a 'maloa a neng a khethiloe pejana, a ntšitsoeng le ho itšehla thajana.
Liphoofolo tsa transgenic ke eng
Liphoofolo tsa Transgenic ke tse ling tsa litšobotsi tse bileng ho tsona liphatsa tsa lefutso e fetotsoeng, e fapaneng haholo le tlhahiso ea botona le botšehali pakeng tsa liphoofolo, eo hape e bitsoang clonal reproduction.
Ka khopolo-taba, libopuoa tsohle, ka hona liphoofolo tsohle, li ka sebelisoa ka mokhoa oa liphatsa tsa lefutso. Lingoliloeng tsa mahlale li tlaleha ts'ebeliso ea liphoofolo tse kang linku, lipoli, likolobe, likhomo, mebutlanyana, likhoto, litoeba, litlhapi, likokoanyana, likokoana-hloko esita le batho. Empa file ea toeba e ne e le phoofolo ea pele e sebelisitsoeng, mme moo mekhoa eohle e lekiloeng e atlehileng.
Ts'ebeliso ea litoeba e atile haholo hobane ho bonolo ho kenyelletsa tlhaiso-leseling e ncha ea liphatsa tsa lefutso liseleng tsa bona, liphatsa tsa lefutso tsena li fetisetsoa habonolo baneng, 'me li na le mekhahlelo e mekhuts'oane ea bophelo le litter tse ngata haholo. Ntle le moo, ke phoofolo e nyane, e bonolo ho e ts'oara ebile ha e na khatello ea maikutlo, ha ho shejoa bophelo ba eona ba 'mele le kelello. Qetellong, genome ea hau e ts'oana haholo ho batho.
Ho na le mekhoa e 'maloa ea ho hlahisa liphoofolo tse fetohang:
Transgenesis ka microinjection ea zygotes
Ho sebelisa mokhoa ona, superovulation e qala ho bakoa ke basali, ka kalafo ea lihormone.Ebe, the kemolo, e ka bang in vitro kapa in vivo. Joale ho bokelloa mahe a emolisitsoeng ebe aa aroloa. Mona karolo ea pele ea theknoloji e ea fela.
Mokhahlelong oa bobeli, li-zygote (lisele tse hlahisoang ke kopano ea lehe le peo ea botona ka tlhaho kapa ka ho emolisoa in vitro kapa in vivo) amohela microinjection ka tharollo e nang le DNA eo re batlang ho e eketsa ho genome.
Ebe li-zygote tsena tse seng li sebelisitsoe li khutlisetsoa ka popelong ea mme, e le hore bokhachane bo hlahe tikolohong ea tlhaho. Kamora nako, ha malinyane a se a holile mme a khoesitsoe, ho joalo netefalitsoe hore na ba kentse transgene (DNA e kantle) ho genome ea bona.
Transgenesis ka ho qhekella lisele tsa embryonic
Ka mokhoa ona, ho fapana le ho sebelisa li-zygote, transgene e hlahisoa ho lisele tsa kutu. Lisele tsena li tlosoa blastula e ntseng e hola (sethala sa nts'etsopele ea "embryonic" e khetholloang ka karolo e le 'ngoe ea lisele) ebe e beoa tharolong e thibelang lisele ho ikarola le ho sala e le lisele tsa kutu. Hamorao, DNA ea kantle ho naha ea hlahisoa, lisele li nchafatsoa hape blastula, 'me sena se khutlisetsoa ka popelong ea bo-mme.
Bana bao u ba fumanang ka mokhoa ona ke chimera, ho bolelang hore lisele tse ling 'meleng oa hau li tla hlahisa lefutso mme tse ling li ke ke. Ka mohlala, "ovegoat", chimerism lipakeng tsa nku le poli, ke phoofolo e nang le likarolo tsa 'mele tse nang le boea le likarolo tse ling tse nang le boea. Ka ho tšela chimera ka ho tsoelang pele, ho fumanoa batho ba tla ba le transgene moleng oa bona oa kokoana-hloko, ke hore, mahe a bona kapa peo ea botona.
Transgenesis ka phetoho ea sele ea somatic le phetisetso ea nyutlelie kapa cloning
Cloning e na le ho ntša lisele tsa embryonic ea blastula, e leme ka har'a vitro ebe oe kenya ka har'a oocyte (sele ea basali ea kokoana-hloko) eo khubu e tlositsoeng ho eona. Kahoo li kopana ka tsela ea hore oocyte e fetoha lehe, ho ba le khubung ea lintho tsa lefutso tsa sele ea pele e emryonic, le ho ntšetsa pele kholo ea eona joalo ka zygote.
Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse fetohang
Lilemong tse 70 tse fetileng, letoto la lipatlisiso le liteko li entsoe ho fumana liphoofolo tse fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso. Leha ho le joalo, leha a ne a tumme haholo ka linku tsa Dolly, e ne e se phoofolo ea pele e bopiloeng lefatšeng ke transgenics ea liphoofolo. Sheba mehlala e meng ea liphoofolo tse tsebahalang tse fetotsoeng ka tlase:
- Lihohoana: ka 1952 e ile ea etsoa kopano ea pele ea nalane. E ne e le motheo oa ho hlophisa linku tsa Dolly.
- THE Linku tsa dolly: e tumme ka ho ba phoofolo ea pele e entsoeng ka mokhoa oa phetisetso ea nyutlelie e tsoang seleng ea batho ba baholo, eseng bakeng sa ho ba phoofolo ea pele ho etsoa, joalo ka ha e ne e se joalo. Dolly o entsoe ka 1996.
- Likhomo tsa Noto le Kaga: li entsoe ka makhetlo a likete Japane, e le karolo ea morero o neng o batla ho ntlafatsa boleng le bongata ba nama e jeoang ke batho.
- Pōli ea Mira: pōli ena e entsoeng ka 1998, e ne e le selelekela sa likhomo e khona ho hlahisa lithethefatsi tse thusang batho 'meleng oa hau.
- Ombretta mouflon: phoofolo ea pele e entsoe ka boloka mefuta e kotsing.
- Catcat cat: ka 2001, k'hamphani ea Genetic Savings & Clone e ile ea qhekella katse ea lapeng ka e ea fela lipapatso.
- Litšoene tsa Zhong Zhong le Hua Hua: li-primates tsa pele tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o sebelisitsoeng ho linku tsa Dolly, ka 2017.
Liphoofolo tsa Transgenic: melemo le likotsi
Hajoale, transgenesis ke taba e tsekisano haholo, mme phehisano ena e tsoa haholo-holo ho hloka tlhaiso-leseling ka hore na transgenesis ke eng, ts'ebeliso ea eona ke eng, le molao o laolang mokhoa le ts'ebeliso ea liphoofolo tsa liteko.
Linaheng tse fapaneng lefats'eng ka bophara, biosafety e laoloa ke letoto la melao, lits'ebetso kapa litaelo. Naheng ea Brazil, melao ea ts'ireletso e sebetsa haholoholo ka theknoloji ea DNA kapa RNA.
Molao 8974, oa la 5 Pherekhong 1995, Molao-taelo 1752, oa la 20 Tšitoe 1995, le Tekanyo ea Nakwana 2191-9, ea la 23 Phato 2001[1]Ho theha maemo a polokeho le mekhoa ea ho hlahloba ts'ebelisong ea mekhoa ea boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso ho aheng, ho lema, ho sebetsana, ho tsamaisa, ho bapatsa, ho sebelisoa, ho lokolla le ho lahla liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fetotsoeng (GMO), e ikemiselitse ho sireletsa bophelo le bophelo ba motho, liphoofolo le limela, hammoho le tikoloho.[2]
Har'a melemo le likotsi tse fumanoeng ka ts'ebeliso ea liphoofolo tse fetohang, re fumana tse latelang:
Melemo
- Ntlafatso ea lipatlisiso, ho latela pono ea tsebo ea genome.
- Melemo ea tlhahiso ea liphoofolo le bophelo bo botle.
- Tsoelo-pele lithutong tsa mafu a liphoofolo le batho, joalo ka mofets'e.
- Tlhahiso ea lithethefatsi.
- Monehelo oa 'mele le lisele.
- Ho thehoa ha libanka tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho thibela ho timela ha mefuta.
Likotsi
- Ka ho fetola mefuta e seng e ntse e le teng, re ka beha mefuta ea tlholeho kotsing.
- Polelo ea liprotheine tse ncha tse neng li se teng pele ho phoofolo e itseng e ka lebisa ho hlaheng ho hanana le letho.
- Moo genome e tla beoa teng liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka 'na tsa se ke tsa lekanyetsoa maemong a mang, ka hona sephetho se lebelletsoeng se ka senyeha.
- Ho sebelisoa liphoofolo tse phelang, kahoo ho bohlokoa ho etsa tlhahlobo ea boits'oaro le ho fumana hore na liphetho tsa liteko li ka ba ncha le tse nepahetseng joang.
Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Transgenic animals - Tlhaloso, mehlala le litšobotsi, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.