Litaba
- Lihlopha tsa ho fofa tsa Dinosaur
- Litšobotsi tsa Li-Dinosaurs Tse Fofang
- Mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tse fofang
- Archeopteryx
- Iberosomesornis
- Ichthyornis
- Phapang lipakeng tsa li-dinosaurs le li-pterosaurs
- Mefuta ea Pterosaurs
- Li-pterodactyls
- Quetzalcoatlus
- Rhamphorhynchus
- Mehlala e meng ea li-pterosaurs
Li-dinosaurs e ne e le liphoofolo tse hlahelletseng nakong ea Mesozoic. Nakong ea mehla ena, li fapane haholo 'me li hasane ho pholletsa le lefatše. Ba bang ba bona ba ile ba iteta sefuba ho etsa moea moea, ba hlahisa tse fapaneng mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tse fofang mme qetellong ho linonyana.
Leha ho le joalo, liphoofolo tse kholo tse fofang tse atisang ho bitsoa li-dinosaurs ha se li-dinosaurs, empa mefuta e meng ea lihahabi tse fofang. U batla ho tseba haholoanyane? Se ke oa hloloheloa sengoloa sena sa liphoofolo sa Perito se buang ka mefuta ea li-dinosaur tse fofang: mabitso le litšoantšo.
Lihlopha tsa ho fofa tsa Dinosaur
Nakong ea Mesozoic, mefuta e mengata ea li-dinosaurs e ile ea tlala lefats'eng lohle, ea fetoha likokoana-hloko tse hlahelletseng. Re ka arola liphoofolo tsena ka lihlopha tse peli:
- Li-ornithischians(Ornitischia): di tsejoa e le li-dinosaurs tse nang le "letheka la linonyana", hobane lekala la pubic la sebopeho sa bona sa noka le ne le shebile lehlakoreng la caudal (ho leba mohatleng), joalo ka ha ho etsahala linonyaneng tsa kajeno. Li-dinosaurs tsena e ne e le limela tsa liphoofolo ebile li ngata haholo. Kabo ea tsona e ne e le lefatšeng ka bophara, empa li ile tsa nyamela moeling o lipakeng tsa Cretaceous le Tertiary.
- Saurischians(Saurischia): na li-dinosaurs tse nang le "letheka la mokholutsoane". Lekala la pubic la li-saurischians le ne le na le boits'oaro ba cranial, joalo ka ha li hlaha ho lihahabi tsa sejoale-joale. Taelo ena e kenyelletsa mefuta eohle ea li-dinosaurs tse jang nama hammoho le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse ngata. Le ha boholo ba tsona bo ile ba nyamela moeling oa Cretaceous-Tertiary, ba 'maloa ba ile ba pholoha: linonyana kapa li-dinosaurs tse fofang.
Kenya sengoloa sena ho ithuta hore na li-dinosaurs li felile joang.
Litšobotsi tsa Li-Dinosaurs Tse Fofang
Nts'etsopele ea bokhoni ba ho fofa ka li-dinosaurs e ne e le mohato o liehang nakong eo linonyana tsa kajeno li ileng tsa fetoha. Ka tatellano ea ponahalo, Tsena ke litšobotsi tsa li-dinosaurs tse fofang:
- menoana e meraro: Matsoho a nang le menoana e meraro feela e sebetsang le masapo a moea, a bobebe haholo. Lisebelisoa tsena li hlahile lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 230 tse fetileng, ho Theropoda e ka tlase.
- mehele e swivel: ka lebaka la lesapo le bōpehileng joaloka khoeli. Tse tsejoang Velociraptor e ne e na le tšobotsi ena, e neng e e lumella ho tsoma phofu ka sesepa sa letsoho.
- Masiba (le ho feta): ho fetoha ha monoana oa pele oa matsoho, matsoho a malelele, palo e fokotsehileng ea methapo ea kutlo, mohatla o mokhutšoane le ponahalo ea masiba. Baemeli ba sethaleng sena ba ka fofa mme mohlomong ba bile ba otlanya mapheo a bona ho fofa kapele.
- lesapo la coracoid: ponahalo ea lesapo la coracoid (e ikopantseng lehetleng ho ea seropeng), lesapo la mokokotlo le kopane ho theha mohatla oa nonyana, kapa pygostyle le maoto a prehensile. Li-dinosaurs tse neng li e-na le litšobotsi tsena li ne li le ngata ebile li na le mapheo a matla a ho fofa.
- alula bone: ponahalo ea alula, lesapo le bakoang ke ho kopana ha menoana e sa sebetseng. Lesapo lena le ntlafalitse ho tsamaisoa ha lifofane.
- Mohatla o mokgutshwane, mokokotlo le sternum: ho khutsufatsa mohatla le morao, le keeled sternum. Tsena ke litšobotsi tse hlahisitseng ho fofa ha linonyana kajeno.
Mefuta ea li-dinosaurs tse fofang
Li-dinosaurs tse fofang li kenyellelitse le ho kenyelletsa (ntlheng ena, linonyana) liphoofolo tse jang nama, hammoho le mefuta e mengata ea li-dinosaurs tse jang limela le tse jang tse ling. Kaha joale u tseba litšobotsi tse ileng tsa hlahisa linonyana hanyane ka hanyane, ha re boneng mefuta e meng ea li-dinosaurs tse fofang kapa linonyana tsa khale:
Archeopteryx
Ke mofuta oa linonyana tsa khale ea neng a phela nakong ea Upper Jurassic, lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 150 tse fetileng. Li nkuoa e le foromo ea phetoho lipakeng tsa li-dinosaurs tse sa baleheng le linonyana tsa kajeno. Li ne li se bolelele bo fetang halofo ea mithara, 'me mapheo a tsona a le malelele a bile a le masiba. Leha ho le joalo, ho lumeloa hore ba li ne li ka thella feela mme e kanna eaba e ne e le batho ba hloang lifate.
Iberosomesornis
E le 'ngoe dinosaur e fofang ea phetseng nakong ea Cretaceous, lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 125 tse fetileng. E ne e se bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 15, e na le maoto a prehensile, pygostyle le coracoids. Mesaletsa ea eona e fumanoe Spain.
Ichthyornis
E ne e le e 'ngoe ea tsa pele dinonyana tse nang le meno tse sibolotsoeng, 'me Charles Darwin o ile a e nka e le e' ngoe ea bopaki bo fetisisang ba thuto ea ho iphetola ha lintho. Li-dinosaurs tsena tse fofang li phetse lilemo tse limilione tse 90 tse fetileng, 'me li ne li le lisenthimithara tse ka bang 43 ka bolelele ba lepheo. Ka ntle, li ne li ts'oana haholo le likhohola tsa sejoale-joale.
Phapang lipakeng tsa li-dinosaurs le li-pterosaurs
Joalokaha u bona, mefuta e fofang ea dinosaure e ne e sa amane ka letho le seo u neng u ka se nahana. Sena ke hobane dihahabi tse kgolo tse fofang ho tsoa Mesozoic e ne e se li-dinosaurs empa e le li-pterosaurs, empa hobaneng? Tsena ke liphapang tse ka sehloohong lipakeng tsa tsena tse peli:
- mapheo: mapheo a li-pterosaurs e ne e le katoloso ea lera e kopanyang monoana oa eona oa bone le maoto a eona a morao. Leha ho le joalo, mapheo a li-dinosaurs kapa a linonyana a fofang ke maoto a maoto a fetotsoeng, ho bolelang hore ke masapo.
- lipheletso: Li-dinosaurs li ne li na le maoto le matsoho ka tlasa 'mele ea tsona, li ts'ehetsa boima ba tsona bo felletseng' me li ba lumella ho lula ba tsitsitse. Ho sa le joalo, li-pterosaurs li ne li otlolletse maoto le matsoho lehlakoreng le leng la 'mele. Phapang ena e bakoa ke hore noka e fapane haholo sehlopheng ka seng.
Mefuta ea Pterosaurs
Pterosaurs, eo ka phoso e tsejoang e le li-dinosaurs tse fofang, ehlile e ne e le mofuta o mong oa sehahabi se neng se phela le li-dinosaurs tsa 'nete nakong ea Mesozoic. Joalokaha malapa a mangata a pterosaur a tsejoa, re tla sheba feela tse ling tsa mefuta ea bohlokoahali:
Li-pterodactyls
Mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ea lihahabi tse fofang ke pterodactyls (Pterodactylus), mofuta oa li-pterosaurs tse jang nama e fepang liphoofolo tse nyane. Joaloka li-pterosaurs tse ngata, li-pterodactyls li ne li na le bophahamo hloohong ekaba seo e ne e le kopo ea thobalano.
Quetzalcoatlus
e kholo Quetzalcoatlus ke mofuta oa li-pterosaurs tsa lelapa la Azhdarchidae. Lelapa lena le kenyelletsa Mefuta e Meholo ka ho Fetisisa e Tsejoang ea Lifofane "Dinosaurs".
Uena Quetzalcoatlus, e reheletsoeng ka molingoana oa Maaztec, e ne e ka fihla lepheo la bolelele ba limithara tse 10 ho isa ho tse 11 mme mohlomong e ne e le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo. ho lumeloa hore ba ne ba ikamahanya le maemo ho phela lefatšeng le locomotion ea makhetlo a mane.
Rhamphorhynchus
Runphorrhine e ne e le pterosaur e batlang e le nyane, e nang le mapheo a bophara ba limithara tse ka bang tse tšeletseng. Lebitso la lona le bolela "nko e nang le molomo", mme e bakoa ke taba ea hore e na le nko e qetellang ka molomo ka meno tlhorong. Le ha karolo ea eona e khahlang ka ho fetesisa e ne e le mohatla oa eona o molelele, o atisang ho bontšoa cinema.
Mehlala e meng ea li-pterosaurs
Mefuta e meng ea "li-dinosaurs tse fofang" e kenyelletsa karolo e latelang:
- Preondactylus
- Dimorphodon
- Li-Campylognathoides
- Anurognathus
- Pteranodon
- Arambourg
- Nyctosaurus
- ludodactylus
- Mesadactylus
- Sordes
- Ardeadactylus
- Li-Campylognathoides
Hona joale kaha u tseba mefuta eohle ea li-dinosaurs tse fofang ka ntle moo, u kanna oa ba le thahasello ho sengoloa sena se seng sa liphoofolo sa Perito se buang ka liphoofolo tsa metsing tsa pele ho naha.
Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Mefuta ea Li-Dinosaurs Tse Fofang - Mabitso le Litšoantšo, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.