Litaba
- Sehlopha sa likokoanyana
- Odonata
- orthopter
- Mehlala ea Likokoanyana tsa Orthopteran
- bokapele
- Mehlala ea likokoanyana tsa Isoptera
- hemipterus
- Mehlala ea Likokoanyana tsa Hemiptera
- Lepidoptera
- Mehlala ea likokoanyana tsa lepidopteran
- Coleoptera
- Diptera
- Mehlala ea Likokoanyana tsa Diptera
- Hymenoptera
- Mehlala ea likokoanyana tsa hymenopteran
- Mefuta ea Likokoanyana Tse se Nang Mapheo
- Mehlala ea Likokoanyana Tse Kotsi
- mefuta e meng ea likokoanyana
Likokoanyana ke li-hexapod arthropods, kahoo 'mele ea tsona e arotsoe hloohong, thorax le mpa. Hape, kaofela li na le maoto a tšeletseng le mapheo a mabeli a mapheo a hlahang sefubeng. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha re tla bona hamorao, lihlomathiso tsena lia fapana ho ea ka sehlopha ka seng. Ebile, hammoho le manakana le li-mouth, ho ka khonahala ho khetholla habonolo mefuta e fapaneng ea likokoanyana e teng.
Sehlopha sena sa liphoofolo ke se fapaneng ka ho fetisisa ebile se na le mefuta e ka bang milione. Leha ho le joalo, ho lumeloa hore boholo ha bo e-s'o fumanoe. U batla ho tseba haholoanyane ka likokoanyana? Sengoliloeng sena sa liphoofolo sa Perito, re tla hlalosa hore na mefuta ea likokoanyana, mabitso a bona, likarolo le tse ling.
Sehlopha sa likokoanyana
Ka lebaka la ho fapana ha tsona ho hoholo, tlhophiso ea likokoanyana e kenyelletsa palo e kholo ea lihlopha. Ka hona, re tla hlalosa ka mefuta e emelang le e tsebahalang haholo ea likokoanyana. Ena ke litaelo tse latelang:
- Odonata;
- Masapo;
- Isoptera;
- Hemiptera;
- Lepidoptera;
- Coleoptera;
- Diptera;
- Hymenoptera.
Odonata
Odonata ke e 'ngoe ea likokoanyana tse ntle ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 3 500 e ajoang lefats'eng ka bophara. Tsena ke li-dragonflies (infraorder ea Anisoptera) le li-damsels (suborder ea Zygoptera), likokoanyana tse jang liphoofolo tse nang le bana ba metsing.
Odonata e na le lipara tse peli tsa maoto le maoto tse sebetsang ho ts'oara phofu le ho e utloisisa, empa eseng ho tsamaea. Mahlo a tsona a kopane 'me a bonahala a arohane ho baroetsana' me a atamelane ka har'a li-dragonflies. Karolo ena e u lumella ho li khetholla.
Mefuta e meng ea likokoanyana tsa sehlopha sena:
- Calopterix virgo;
- Cordulegaster boltoni;
- Emperor Serurubele (Anax mohatelli).
orthopter
Sehlopha sena ke sa litsie le li-cricket tse ka bang mefuta e fetang 20 000. Le ha li fumaneha hohle lefats'eng, li khetha libaka tse futhumetseng le linako tsa selemo. Bacha le batho ba baholo ba fepa limela. Ke liphoofolo tsa ametaboliki tse sa fetoleng phetoho, leha li e-na le liphetoho tse itseng.
Re ka khetholla mefuta ena ea liphoofolo habonolo hobane li-forew tsa tsona li thatafetse (tegminas) 'me maoto a tsona a kamorao a maholo ebile a matla, a etselitsoe hantle ho tlola. Hangata li na le mebala e tala kapa e sootho e li thusang ho ipata tikolohong ea tsona le ho ipatela palo e kholo ea libatana tse li lelekisang.
Mehlala ea Likokoanyana tsa Orthopteran
Mehlala e meng ea marutle le crickets ke:
- Tšepo kapa Cricket e Tala (Tettigoria viridissima);
- European mole krikete (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa);
- Euconocephalus thunbergii.
bokapele
Sehlopha sa bohloa se na le mefuta e ka bang 2 500, eo kaofela ha eona e leng ngata haholo. Mefuta ena ea likokoanyana hangata e fepa ka patsi, leha e ka ja lintho tse ling tsa semela. Ba lula litulong tse kholo tsa bohloa tse hahiloeng ka lehong kapa fatše mme ba na le li-caste tse rarahaneng haholo ho feta kamoo re tsebang.
Boemo ba eona ba 'mele bo ipapisitse le lihlopha tse fapaneng. Leha ho le joalo, kaofela li na le manakana a maholo, maoto a likoloi, le mpa ea karolo e 11. Ha e le mapheo, a hlaha feela ho bapalami ba ka sehloohong. Li-castes tse ling ke likokoanyana tse latelang.
Mehlala ea likokoanyana tsa Isoptera
Mefuta e meng ea bohloa ke:
- Mohloaare oa patsi e metsiKalotermes flavicollis);
- Bohlwa bo ommeng ba patsi (cryptotermes brevis).
hemipterus
Mefuta ena ea likokoanyana e bua ka litšitšili (suborder heteropter), hoaba, likokoanyana tse lekanyang le cicadas (Homoptera). Ka kakaretso ba feta Mefuta e 80,000, ho ba sehlopha se fapaneng haholo se kenyeletsang likokoanyana tsa metsing, tse nang le phytophagous, liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo esita le likokoana-hloko tse nang le mali.
Likokoana-hloko li na le li-hemiéliters, ho bolelang hore litebelisuoa tsa tsona li thata botlaaseng 'me li koahela tlhoro. Leha ho le joalo, li-homopters li na le mapheo a tsona a nang le lera. Boholo ba tsona li na le li-antenna tse tsoetseng pele hantle 'me e na le molomo oa ho loma.
Mehlala ea Likokoanyana tsa Hemiptera
Mehlala e meng ea mefuta ena ea likokoanyana ke:
- Baruti (Litlhaselo tsa Triatoma);
- Lense e pharalletsengaphis fabae);
- Cicada orni;
- Carpocoris fuscispinus.
Lepidoptera
Sehlopha sa lepidopteran se kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 165,000 ea lirurubele le tšoele, ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea likokonyana tse fapaneng ka ho fetesisa. Batho ba baholo ba fepa lero la lero mme ke li-pollinator, ha liboko (popane) e le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo.
Har'a litšobotsi tsa eona ho bonahala phetoho e felletseng ea 'mele (holometabolic), mapheo a eona a koahetsoeng ke sekala le proboscis, molomo o molelele haholo o kobehileng ha o sa fepe.
Mehlala ea likokoanyana tsa lepidopteran
Mefuta e meng ea lirurubele le tšoele ke:
- Atlas moth (atlelase atlelase);
- Emperor moth (Thysania agrippina);
- Lehata Boboleta (Atropos Acherontia).
Coleoptera
Ho hakanngoa hore ho na le tse fetang Mefuta e 370,000 tsejoa. Har'a tsona, ho na le likokoanyana tse fapaneng joalo ka khomo ea khauta (Lucanuslikhama) le bo-maleshoane (Coccinellidae).
Tšobotsi e ka sehloohong ea mofuta ona oa likokoanyana ke hore litlhahiso tsa eona tsa pele li tiile ka ho feletseng 'me li bitsoa elytra. Li koahela le ho sireletsa mokokotlo oa mapheo, a manonyeletso 'me a sebelisetsoa ho fofa. Ntle le moo, li-elektroniki li bohlokoa ho laola sefofane.
Diptera
Ke lintsintsi, menoang le lintsintsi tse bokellang mefuta e fetang 122,000 e abuoeng ho pota lefatše. Likokoanyana tsena li ba le phetoho nakong ea bophelo ba tsona 'me batho ba baholo ba fepa lino tse nang le lero (lero, mali, joalo-joalo), kaha ba na le molomo o anyang molomo.
Karolo ea eona ea mantlha ke phetoho ea mapheo a eona a kamorao ho likarolo tse tsejoang ka hore ke rocker arms. Litebelletso li na le lera mme li li uputsa hore li fofa, ha li-rocker li ba lumella ho boloka botsitso le ho laola sefofane.
Mehlala ea Likokoanyana tsa Diptera
Mefuta e meng ea likokoanyana tsa sehlopha sena ke:
- Monoang oa Tiger oa Asia (Aedes albopicus);
- ntsintsi ea tsetse (genus Glossine).
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera ke bohloa, bobi, linotsi le li-symphyte. Ke eona sehlopha sa bobeli se seholo sa likokoanyana, ka mefuta e 200,000 e hlalositsoeng. Mefuta e mengata ke ea sechaba 'me e hlophisitsoe ka lihlopha. Tse ling li lula li le bang 'me hangata li na le likokoana-hloko.
Ntle le li-symphyte, karolo ea pele ea mpa e kopantsoe le thorax, e ba lumellang ho tsamaea hantle. Mabapi le melomo ea molomo, sena ke sehlafunang ho liphoofolo tse jang tse ling tse kang bobi kapa monya molomo ho tse jang lero, joalo ka linotsi. Mefuta ena eohle ea likokoanyana e na le mesifa e matla ea mapheo le sisteme e ntlafalitsoeng haholo e ba lumellang ho buisana ka nepo.
Mehlala ea likokoanyana tsa hymenopteran
Mefuta e meng e fumanoang sehlopheng sena sa likokoanyana ke:
- Bosiu ba Asia (wasp ea velutine);
- Bohloko ba Sebōpi (Eumeninae);
- Masarinae.
Mefuta ea Likokoanyana Tse se Nang Mapheo
Qalong ea sengoloa, re itse likokoanyana tsohle li na le mapheo a mabeli a mapheo, leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha re bone, mefuteng e mengata ea likokoanyana likarolo tsena li fetotsoe, ho hlahisa litho tse ling, joalo ka elytra kapa rocker arms.
Hape ho na le likokoanyana tse kotsi, ho bolelang hore ha li na mapheo. Ke litholoana tsa ts'ebetso ea hau ea ho iphetola ha lintho, ke hobane mapheo le likarolo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa motsamao oa tsona (mesifa ea mapheo) li hloka matla a mangata. Ka hona, ha li sa hlokahale, li tloaetse ho nyamela, li lumella matla ho sebelisetsoa merero e meng.
Mehlala ea Likokoanyana Tse Kotsi
Likokoanyana tse tsebahalang haholo ke bongata ba bohloa le bohloa, tseo mapheo a tsona a hlahang feela bathong ba ikatisang ba tlohang ho theha likolone tse ncha. Maemong ana, qeto ea hore na mapheo a hlaha kapa che ke lijo tse fuoang liboko, ke hore, liphatsa tsa lefutso tse kenyelletsang ponahalo ea mapheo li teng ho genome ea tsona, empa ho latela mofuta oa lijo nakong ea kholo , polelo ea bona ea hatelloa kapa ea sebetsa.
Mefuta e meng ea hemiptera le bo-maleshoane mapheo a bona a fetohile 'me a hokeletsoe ruri' meleng ea bona e le hore li se ke tsa fofa. Mefuta e meng ea likokoanyana, joalo ka taelo ea Zygentoma, ha e na mapheo ebile ke likokoanyana tsa 'nete. Mohlala o mong ke li-moths kapa pieixinho tsa silevera (Lepisma saccharina).
mefuta e meng ea likokoanyana
Joalokaha re boletse pejana, ho na le tse 'maloa mefuta ea likokoanyana hore ho thata haholo ho reha e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona lebitso. Leha ho le joalo, karolong ena, re tla hlalosa ka botlalo ka lihlopha tse ling tse fokolang haholo le tse sa tsejoeng:
- Dermaptera: tse tsejoang hape e le lisekere, ke likokoanyana tse lulang libakeng tse mongobo 'me li na le lihlomathiso e le sejo se tloaelehileng qetellong ea mpa.
- Zygentoma: ke likokoanyana tse boreleli, tse sephara le tse telele tse balehang khanya le ho oma. Li tsejoa e le "likokoanyana tsa mongobo" 'me har'a tsona ke likokoanyana tsa silevera.
- Blattodea: ke maphele, likokoanyana tse nang le manakana a malelele le mapheo a thatafalitsoeng hanyane ka hanyane tse holileng haholo ho tse tona. Ka bobeli li na le lihlomathiso qetellong ea mpa.
- Kobo: Li-mantis tse rapeloang ke liphoofolo tse ikamahantseng le nako ea pele. Maoto a eona a ka pele a khethehile ho koetela phofu 'me a na le bokhoni bo boholo ba ho etsisa tikoloho ea bona.
- Phthiraptera: ke dinta, sehlopha se kenyeletsang mefuta e fetang 5 000. Kaofela ke likokoana-hloko tse tsoang kantle ho mali.
- Neuropter: e kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea likokoanyana tse kang bohloa ba litau kapa lacewings. Li na le mapheo a koahelang 'me boholo ba tsona ke libatana.
- Shipphonaptera: ke matsetse a tšabehang, likokoana-hloko tsa kantle tse anyang mali. Molomong oa eona ke chopper-sucker mme maoto a eona a morao a ntlafalitsoe haholo bakeng sa ho qhomela.
- Trichoptera: sehlopha sena ha se tsejoe haholo, leha se kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 7,000. Li na le mapheo a sephara 'me maoto a tsona a malelele haholo joalo ka menoang. Ba ikemiselitse ho aha "mabokose" ho sireletsa liboko tsa bona.
Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Mefuta ea likokoanyana: mabitso le litšobotsi, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.