Litaba
- Mefuta ea linotsi e hlahisang mahe a linotši
- notši ea europe
- Linotsi tsa Asia
- Notsi e Tala ea Asia
- notshi e tonanahali
- Notši ea Philippines
- Linotsi tsa Koschevnikov
- Notsi e Tšoeu ea Asia
- Mefuta ea linotsi tse felileng
- Mefuta ea Linotši tsa Brazil
- Mefuta ea linotsi: ithute haholoanyane
Ka linotsi tse etsang mahe a linotši, eo hape e tsejoang e le linotsi tsa linotsi, li hlophisitsoe haholo-holo ka har'a genus Apis. Leha ho le joalo, re ka fumana linotši tsa mahe a linotši le ka har'a moloko. meliponini, leha ho le joalo ke mahe a linotši a fapaneng, ha a ngata haholo ebile ha a na metsi, ao ka tloaelo a sebelisetsoang bongaka.
Sengoliloeng sena sa PeritoAnimal, re tla u bontša tsohle mefuta ea linotsi e hlahisang mahe a linotši joalo ka Apis, ho kenyelletsa le tse seng li timetse, tse nang le leseli mabapi le mofuta, litšobotsi tsa tsona le linepe.
Mefuta ea linotsi e hlahisang mahe a linotši
Tsena ke tsona tsa mantlha mefuta ea linotsi e hlahisang mahe a linotši:
- Linotsi tsa Europe
- Linotsi tsa Asia
- Notsi e Tala ea Asia
- notshi e tonanahali
- Notši ea Philippines
- Linotsi tsa Koschevnikov
- Notsi e Tšoeu ea Asia
- Apis armbrusteri
- Apis lithohermaea
- Apis haufi lectica
notši ea europe
THE notši ea europe kapa mahe a linotši a bophirimela (Apis mellifera) mohlomong ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea linotši e tsebahalang haholo' me e ile ea aroloa ke Carl Nilsson Linneaus ka 1758. Ho na le mefuta e fihlang ho 20 e tsebahalang 'me ke ea tlhaho Europe, Afrika le Asia, le hoja e nametse lik'honthinenteng tsohle, ntle le Antarctica. [1]
Ho teng ele nngwe thahasello e kholo moruong kamora mofuta ona, hobane ho tsamaisa peo ea eona ho tlatsetsa haholo tlhahisong ea lijo lefatšeng ka bophara, ntle le ho hlahisa mahe a linotši, peo e phofo, boka ba linotsi, jeli ea borena le propolis. [1] Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebeliso ea tse ling chefo e bolaeang likokonyana, joalo ka calcium polysulfide kapa Rotenat CE®, e ama mofuta ona hampe, ke ka hona ho leng bohlokoa ho becha ka temo ea manyolo le ts'ebeliso ea meriana e bolaeang likokonyana e seng kotsi. [2]
Linotsi tsa Asia
THE asian notši (Apis cerana) e ts'oana le notsi ea Europe, e nyane hanyane. O tsoaletsoe Asia Boroa-bochabela mme o lula linaheng tse 'maloa tse kang China, India, Japane, Malaysia, Nepal, Bangladesh le Indonesia, leha ho le joalo, e ile ea hlahisoa le Papua New Guinea, Australia le Solomon Islands. [3]
Phuputso e sa tsoa etsoa e tiisa seo boteng ba mofuta ona bo fokotsehile, haholo-holo Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Japane le Korea Boroa, hammoho le tlhahiso ea eona, haholo-holo ka lebaka la Phetoho ea meru masimong a rabara le oli ea palema. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, o ile a angoa hape ke ho hlahisoa ha Apis mellifera ke barui ba linotši ba Asia Boroa-bochabela, kaha e fana ka tlhahiso e kholo ho feta linotsi tse tloaelehileng, ha e ntse e baka tse 'maloa mafu ka notši ea Asia. [3]
Ho bohlokoa ho hatisa seo Apis nuluensis hajoale e nkuoa e le subspecies ea Apis cerana.
Notsi e Tala ea Asia
THE notši e nyane ea asian (Apis khalifa) ke mofuta oa notši oo hangata o 'nileng oa ferekanngoa le Apis andreniformis, hape e tsoa Asia, ka lebaka la ho ts'oana ha bona ka morphological. Leha ho le joalo, li ka khetholloa haholo ke e 'ngoe ea litho tsa eona tse ka pele, e leng nako e telele ho feta tabeng ea Apis khalifa. [4]
Mofuta ona o nka bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 7000 ho tloha boemong bo fetelletseng. ka bochabela ho Vietnam ho ea boroa-bochabela ho China. [4] Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha ka 1985 ho ea pele, boteng ba eona kontinenteng ea Afrika bo ile ba qala ho hlokomeloa, mohlomong ka lebaka la lipalangoang tsa lefats'e. Hamorao likolone li ile tsa bonoa hape Middle East. [5]
Ho tloaelehile hore malapa 'ohle a phele ka mahe a linotši a hlahisoang ke linotši tsena, leha sena ka linako tse ling se fella ka lefu la kolone ka lebaka la taolo e mpe le ho hloka tsebo mabapi le ho rua linotsi. [6]
notshi e tonanahali
THE notshi e tonanahali kapa notši e kholo ea Asia (Apis dorsata) e hlahella haholo-holo bakeng sa eona boholo bo boholo ha e bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea linotsi, e pakeng tsa 17 le 20 mm. O phela libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo, haholoholo Asia Boroa-bochabela, Indonesia le Australia dihlaha tse majabajaba makaleng a lifate, e lula e le haufi le mehloli ea lijo. [7]
Boitšoaro bo mabifi ba Intraspecific li bonoe mofuteng ona nakong ea ho fallela lihlaheng tse ncha, haholo har'a batho ba neng ba hlahloba libaka tse tšoanang ho aha sehlaha. Maemong ana, ho na le lintoa tse mabifi tse kenyelletsang ho longoa, tse bakang lefu la batho ka bomong ameha. [8]
Ho bohlokoa ho hatisa seo boima apis hajoale e nkuoa e le subspecies ea Apis dorsata.
Hape tseba likokoanyana tse chefo ka ho fetisisa Brazil
Notši ea Philippines
THE Honey bee ea Philippines (Apis nigrocincta) e teng ho Philippines le Indonesia le litekanyo pakeng tsa 5.5 le 5.9 mm.[9] Ke mofuta oo dihlaha ka masobeng, joalo ka lifate tse sekoti, mahaha kapa meaho ea batho, hangata e haufi le lefatše. [10]
ho ba mofuta e tsejoa haufinyane tjena mme hangata e ferekanngoa le Haufi le Apis, re ntse re na le tlhaiso-leseling e nyane mabapi le mofuta ona, empa ho makatsang ke hore ke mofuta o ka qalang hives tse ncha selemo ho pota, leha ho na le mabaka a itseng a lebisang ho sena, joalo ka ho hlaseloa ke mefuta e meng, khaello ea lisebelisoa kapa mocheso o feteletseng.[10]
Linotsi tsa Koschevnikov
THE Linotsi tsa Koschevnikov (Apis koschevnikovi) ke mofuta o atileng Borneo, Malaysia le Indonesia, ka hona e arolelana sebaka sa eona le Apis cerana Nuluensis. [11] Joalo ka linotši tse ling tsa Asia, notši ea Koschevnikov hangata e lula liholong, leha boteng ba eona tikolohong bo angoa hampe ke ho rengoa ha meru ho bakoang ke masimo ea tee, oli ea palema, rabara le kokonate. [12]
Ho fapana le mefuta e meng ea linotši, mofuta ona o tloaetse ho ikatisa likolone tse nyane haholo, e lumellang ho phela ha eona maemong a leholimo a mongobo le a pula. Leha e boloka sena, e boloka mehloli habonolo mme e ikatisa ka sekhahla se potlakileng nakong ea lipalesa. [13]
Notsi e Tšoeu ea Asia
THE notši e nyane e nyane (Apis andreniformis) e lula Asia Boroa-bochabela, e kenyeletsang China, India, Burma, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia le Philippines. [14] Ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea linotši tsa linotši e sa tsejoeng ka lilemo, hobane ho lumeloa hore ke subspecies ea Apis khalifa, ntho eo liphuputso tse 'maloa li e hanneng. [14]
Ke notshi e ntsho ka ho fetisisa lefikeng la eona. Theha likolone tsa bona ka nyane lifate kapa lihlahla, ho nka monyetla ka limela hore li se ke tsa bonoa. Hangata li li aha haufi le mobu, ka bolelele ba bophahamo ba limithara tse 2,5. [15]
Mefuta ea linotsi tse felileng
Ntle le mefuta ea linotši eo re buileng ka eona, ho ne ho na le mefuta e meng ea linotsi e seng e sa lule lefatšeng mme e nkuoa nyametse:
- Apis armbrusteri
- Apis lithohermaea
- Apis haufi lectica
Mefuta ea Linotši tsa Brazil
ho na le tse tšeletseng mefuta ea linotši e tsoaletsoeng sebakeng sa Brazil:
- Melipona scutellaris: e tsejoang hape ka linotši tsa uruçu, nordestina uruçu kapa urusu, li tsejoa ka boholo ba tsona le ho ba linotši tse se nang tšabo. Li tloaelehile ka leboea-bochabela ho Brazil.
- Quadrifasciate melipona: e tsejoang hape e le mandaçaia notši, e na le 'mele o matla le mesifa' me e tloaelehile tikolohong e ka boroa ea naha.
- Melipona fasciculata: eo hape e bitsoang grey uruçu, e na le 'mele o motšo o nang le methalo e mehlooho. Di tumme ka bokgoni ba tsona ba tlhahiso e phahameng ya mahe a dinotshi. Li fumaneha libakeng tse ka Leboea, Leboea-bochabela le Midwest tsa naha.
- Rufiventris: e tsejoang hape e le Uruçu-Amarela, tujuba e ka fumanoa libakeng tsa Leboea-bochabela le Center-South tsa naha. Di tumme ka bokgoni ba tsona ba tlhahiso e phahameng ya mahe a dinotshi.
- Nannotrigone testaceicornis: e ka bitsoa notši ea Ira, ke notši ea matsoalloa e ka fumanoang libakeng tsohle tsa Brazil. Li ikamahanya hantle le litoropong.
- Angular tetragonisca: e bitswang note ya jataí e tshehla, dinotshi tsa kgauta, jati, monwang wa nnete, ke nothi ya matswallwa a yona mme e ka fumaneha hoo e ka bang Latin America kaofela. E tsebahala haholo, mahe a linotši a eona a tsebahala ho thusa ka kalafo e amanang le pono.
Mefuta ea linotsi: ithute haholoanyane
Linotši ke liphoofolo tse nyane, empa li bohlokoa haholo ho boloka polanete ea Lefatše, ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea tsona ea bohlokoa ho tsamaisa peo e hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa. Ke ka lebaka leo, ho PeritoAnimal, re fanang ka tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka hymenoptera ena e nyane ka ho hlalosa se ka etsahalang haeba linotši li nyamela.
Tlhahiso: Haeba u ratile sengoloa sena, fumana hape kamoo bohloa bo ikatisang kateng.