'Muso oa liphoofolo: tlhophiso, litšobotsi le mehlala

Litaba

• Kemiso ea liphoofolo
• Porifers (Phylum Porifera)
• Mehlala ea Porifers
• Ba-Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria)
• Platyhelminths (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
• Mehlala ea liboko
• Li-Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca)
• Mehlala ea shellfish
• Annelids (Phylum Annelida)
• Mehlala ea selemo
• Nematode (Phylum Nematoda)
• Mehlala ea Nematode
• Li-arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)
• Mehlala ea Arthropods
• Li-Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)
• Mehlala ea li-echinoderms
• Likhoele (Phylum Chordata)
• Kemiso ea liphoofolo tse tlamiloeng ka liropo
• mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo

O 'muso oa liphoofolo kapa metazoa, tse tsejoang ka hore ke liphoofolo, li kenyeletsa lintho tse fapaneng haholo. Hona le mefuta ea liphoofolo tse lekanyang ka tlase ho limilimithara, joalo ka li-rotifers tse ngata; empa hape ho na le liphoofolo tse ka fihlang ho limithara tse 30, ka leruarua le leputsoa. Ba bang ba lula libakeng tse ikhethang feela, ha ba bang ba ka phela le maemong a mabe ka ho fetesisa. Ho joalo ka maoatle le li-tardigrade, ka ho latellana.

Ho feta moo, liphoofolo li ka ba bonolo joaloka seponche kapa tsa rarahana joalo ka batho. Leha ho le joalo, mefuta eohle ea liphoofolo e tloaelane hantle le lehae la eona mme, ka lebaka la hae, e ntse e phela ho fihlela kajeno. O batla ho kopana le tsona? Se ke oa hloloheloa sengoloa sena sa PeritoAnimal ka puso ea liphoofolo: tlhophiso, litšobotsi le mehlala.

Kemiso ea liphoofolo

Tlhophiso ea liphoofolo e rarahane haholo mme e kenyelletsa mefuta ea liphoofolo tse nyane haholo hoo li sa bonahaleng ka mahlo, hape li sa tsejoe. Ka lebaka la phapano e kholo ea lihlopha tsena tsa liphoofolo, ha re bue ka phyla kapa mefuta e mengata haholo ea liphoofolo. Ke tse latelang:

• li-porifers (Phylum Porifera).
• Maknidane (Phylum Cnidaria).
• Platyhelminths (Phylum Platyhelminthes).
• Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca).
• selemo (Phylum Anellida).
• Nematode (Phylum Nematode).
• Li-arthropods (Phylum Arthropod).
• Li-Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata).
• Likhoele (Phylum Chordata).

Hamorao, re tla siea lethathamo la lintho tse phelang tse sa tsejoeng ka ho fetisisa 'musong oa liphoofolo.

Porifers (Phylum Porifera)

Poriferous phylum e kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 9,000 e tsebahalang. Boholo ba tsona ke tsa metsing, leha ho na le mefuta e 50 ea metsi a hloekileng. Re bua ka liponche, liphoofolo tse ling tse sessile tse lulang li hokahane le substrate ebe li fepa ka ho sefa metsi a li potileng. Li-larvae tsa tsona, leha ho le joalo, lia tsamaea ebile li pelaela, ka hona ke karolo ea plankton.

Mehlala ea Porifers

Mehlala e meng e khahlisang ea li-porifers ke tsena:

• seponche sa khalase(Euplectellaaspergillus): ba lula li-crustaceans tse 'maloa tsa mofuta ona Spongola ba khomarelang.
• Seponche sa Hermit (Likarolo tse nyane tsa domuncula): e hola makhapetleng a sebelisoang ke makhala 'me e nka monyetla ka motsamao oa eona ho ts'oara limatlafatsi.

Ba-Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria)

Sehlopha sa cnidarian ke e 'ngoe ea li-phyla tse khahlisang ka ho fetesisa ho liphoofolo. E na le mefuta e fetang 9,000 ea metsing, boholo ba eona e le metsing. Li khetholloa ka, kholisong eohle ea tsona, li ka hlahisa mefuta e 'meli ea bophelo: li-polyps le jellyfish.

Li-polyps ke tsa benthic 'me li lula li hokelletsoe substrate ka leoatleng. Hangata li theha likolone tse tsejoang e le likorale. Ha nako ea ho ikatisa e fihla, mefuta e mengata e fetoha libopuoa tse phaphametseng metsing. Li tsejoa e le jellyfish.

Mehlala ea li-cnidarians

• K'haravene ea Sepotoketsi (Physalia physalis): ha se jellyfish, empa kolone e phaphametseng e entsoeng ke jellyfish e nyane.
• anemone e hlollang(Heteractis e ntle haholo): ke polyp e nang le litente tse hlabang lipakeng tsa litlhapi tse ling tsa clown.

Platyhelminths (Phylum Platyhelminthes)

Flworm phylum e na le mefuta e fetang 20 000 e tsejoang e le diboko tse sephara. Ke e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tse tšajoang haholo ho' muso oa liphoofolo ka lebaka la boemo ba tsona ba likokoana-hloko khafetsa. Leha ho le joalo, liboko tse ngata tse bolileng ke libatana tse phelang ntle ho tefo. Tse ngata ke hermaphrodite 'me boholo ba tsona bo fapana lipakeng tsa millimeter le limithara tse ngata.

Mehlala ea liboko

Mehlala ke ena ea liboko:

• Tapeen (Taenia solium): Seboko se seholo se bataletseng se senyang likolobe le batho.
• Merero(Pseudoceros spp.): diboko tse sephara tse dulang tlasa lewatle. Ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo 'me li hlahella ka botle ba tsona bo boholo.

U kanna oa ba le tjantjello ea ho tseba hore na batsoali ba hantle ka ho fetisisa liphoofolong ke bo mang.

Li-Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca)

Phyllum Mollusca ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse fapaneng ka ho fetisisa' me e kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 75,000 e tsebahalang. Tsena li kenyelletsa mefuta ea leoatleng, metsi a hloekileng le mefuta ea lefatše. Li khetholloa ka ho ba le 'mele o bonolo le bokhoni ba ho iketsetsa tsa bona likhetla kapa masapo.

Mefuta e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ea li-molluscs ke li-gastropods (likhofu le li-slugs), li-cephalopods (squid, octopus le nautilus) le li-bivalves (li-mussels le li-oyster),

Mehlala ea shellfish

Mehlala e meng e makatsang ea li-molluscs ke tsena:

• Li-slugs tsa leoatle (discodoris spp.): li-gastropods tse ntle haholo tsa leoatleng.
• Nautilus (Nautilus spp.): Ke li-cephalopods tse sirelelitsoeng tse nkoang e le mesaletsa ea bophelo.
• Li-mussels tse kholo (tridacne spp.): Ke li-bivalve tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse teng mme li ka fihla boholo ba limithara tse peli.

Annelids (Phylum Annelida)

Sehlopha sa li-annelids se entsoe ka mefuta e fetang 13,000 e tsebahalang mme, joalo ka sehlopheng se fetileng, e kenyelletsa mefuta e tsoang leoatleng, metsi a hloekileng le mobu. Ka har'a tlhophiso ea liphoofolo, tsena ke diphoofolo tse arohaneng ebile e fapane haholo. Ho na le lihlopha tse tharo kapa mefuta ea li-annelids: polychaetes (liboko tsa metsing), oligochaetes (liboko tsa mobu) le hirudinomorphs (leeches le likokoana-hloko tse ling).

Mehlala ea selemo

Mehlala e meng ea bohelehele ea li-annelids ke ena:

• Liboko tsa lerōle (lelapa la Sabellidae): ho tloaelehile ho ba ferekanya le likorale, empa ke e 'ngoe ea li-annelid tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tse teng.
• Giant Amazon Leech (Haementeria ghilianii): ke e 'ngoe ea litšila tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.

Setšoantšo sa bobeli se nkuoe ho YouTube.

Nematode (Phylum Nematoda)

Phylum ea nematode ke, ho sa tsotelehe ponahalo, ke e 'ngoe ea tse fapaneng ka ho fetisisa kahara sehlopha sa liphoofolo. E kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 25,000 ea seboko sa selikalikoe. Liboko tsena li kolone libakeng tsohle mme li fumaneha maemong ohle a ketane ea lijo. Sena se bolela hore e ka ba tse nang le phytophagous, liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo kapa likokoana-hloko, tse qetellang li tsejoa haholo.

Mehlala ea Nematode

Mehlala e meng ea nematode ke ena:

• Soy nematode (Heterodera glycines): likokoana-hloko tsa metso ea soya, e baka mathata a maholo lijalong.
• Lifilimi tsa pelo (Dirofilaria immitis): ke liboko tse senyang pelo le matšoafo a lintja (lintja, liphiri, jj.).

Li-arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)

Phylum Arthropoda ke O sehlopha se fapaneng ka ho fetisisa le se nang le bongata ea liphoofolo. Tlhophiso ea liphoofolo tsena e kenyelletsa li-arachnids, li-crustaceans, myriapods le hexapods, tseo har'a tsona ho fumanoang mefuta eohle ea likokoanyana.

Liphoofolo tsena kaofela li na le tsona lihlomathiso tse hlalositsoeng (maoto, manakana, mapheo jj) le ponahalo ea kantle e tsejoang ka hore ke cuticle. Nakong ea bophelo ba bona, ba fetola cuticle makhetlo a 'maloa mme ba bangata ba na le liboko le / kapa nymphs. Ha tsena li fapane haholo le batho ba baholo, li ea ts'ebetsong.

Mehlala ea Arthropods

Ho bontša phapang ea mofuta ona oa liphoofolo, re u siela mehlala e meng ea bohelehele ea li-arthropods:

• likho tsa leoatle (Pycnogonum spbakeng sa.): ke mefuta ea lelapa la Pycnogonidae, ke tsona feela likhau tsa leoatle tse teng.
• Hlokomela (Litlhapiso li-pollicipes): Ke batho ba fokolang feela ba tsebang hore li-barnacle ke li-crustaceans, joalo ka makhala.
• Sente ea Europe (Scolopendra cingulata): ke centipede e kholo ka ho fetisisa Europe. Tsenene ea eona e matla haholo, empa ke ka seoelo e ka bolaeang.
• Tau ea tau (myrmeleon formicarius): ke likokoanyana tse nang le methapo ea kutlo eo liboko tsa tsona li lulang li patiloe mobung tlasa seliba se bopehileng joaloka khoune. Ha ba le moo, ba emela hore meno a bona a oele melomong ea bona.

Li-Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)

Phylum ea echinoderms e kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 7,000 e khetholloang ka ho ba le ho tsamaellana ha pentarradial. Sena se bolela hore 'mele oa hau o ka aroloa likarolo tse hlano tse lekanang. Ho bonolo ho nahana ha re tseba hore na ke liphoofolo tsa mofuta ofe: linoha, likhahla, likomkomere, linaleli le li-urchin tsa leoatle.

Litšobotsi tse ling tsa echinoderms ke masapo a tsona a lejoe la mokoetla le sistimi ea tsona ea metjha e kahare eo metsi a leoatle a phallelang ho eona. Larvae le tsona li khethehile haholo, kaha li na le mahlakore a mabeli a lekanang 'me li lahleheloa ke tsona ha nako ea tsona ea bophelo e feta. U ka ba tseba hamolemo sengoloeng sena ka tlhahiso ea starfish.

Mehlala ea li-echinoderms

Tsena ke litho tse ling tsa 'muso oa liphoofolo tseo e leng tsa sehlopha sa li-echinoderms:

• Lily ea Leoatle la Indo-Pacific (Lamprometra palmata): joalo ka likhahla tsohle tsa leoatle, li phela li ikamahantse le substrate 'me melomo ea tsona e maemong a holimo, haufi le anus.
• Likomkomere tsa ho sesa (Pelagothurianatatrix): ke e mong wa ba sesang ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa likomkomere tsa leoatleng. Ponahalo ea eona e ts'oana le ea jellyfish.
• Moqhaka oa meutloa (Thaba ea Acanthaster): Starfish ena e matla e iphepa ka li-polyps tsa cnidarian (coral).

Likhoele (Phylum Chordata)

Sehlopha sa chordate se kenyelletsa lintho tse tsebahalang haholo liphoofolong, kaha ke phylum eo batho le balekane ba bona e leng ba eona. Li khetholloa ka ho ba le masapo a ka hare e mathang bolelele bohle ba phoofolo. Sena e kanna ea ba notchord e tenyetsehang, ka har'a likhetho tsa khale; kapa karolo ya mokokotlo e nang le lesapo la mokokotlo.

Ho feta moo, liphoofolo tsena kaofela li na le Thapo ea methapo ea kutlo (lesapo la mokokotlo), mapheo a pharyngeal, le mohatla o ka morao, bonyane ka nako e 'ngoe kholong ea embryonic.

Kemiso ea liphoofolo tse tlamiloeng ka liropo

Liqabang li arotsoe, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho li-subphylum tse latelang kapa mefuta ea liphoofolo:

• Urochord: ke liphoofolo tsa metsing. Boholo ba bona ba lula ba khomaretse substrate mme ba na le liboko tse phelang ntle ho tefo. Bohle ba na le sekoaelo se sireletsang se tsejoang ka hore ke seaparo.
• Cephalochordate: Ke diphoofolo tse nyane haholo, tse telele le mmele o bonaletsang o dulang halofo e patilwe ka tlasa lewatle.
• Likokoana-hloko: e kenyelletsa likokoana-hloko tse tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa tse arotsoeng ka liphoofolo: litlhapi le li-tetrapods (li-amphibians, lihahabi, linonyana le liphoofolo tse anyesang).

mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo

Ho phaella ho phyla e boletsoeng, ho khethollo ea liphoofolo ho na le tse ling tse ngata lihlopha tse fokolang le tse tsebahalang. E le hore re se ke ra li tlohella li oele ka thoko ho tsela, re li bokelletse karolong ena, re totobatsa ka mongolo o motenya ka ho fetisisa le tse khahlang.

Tsena ke mefuta ea liphoofolo tseo u sa li boleleng ka mabitso a liphoofolo.

• Loricifers (Phylum Loricifera).
• Li-quinorinum (Phylum Kinorhyncha).
• Li-Priapulids (Phylum Priapulida).
• Nematomorphs (Phylum nematomorph).
• Li-gastrotrics (Phylum Gastrotricha).
• Tardigrades (Phylum tardirada).
• Onychophores (Phylum Onychophora).
• Ketognaths (Phylum Chaetognatha).
• Acanthocephali (Phylum Acanthocephala).
• Rotifers (Phylum Rotifera).
• Micrognathosis (Phylum Micrognathozoa).
• Gnatostomulid (Phylum Gnatostomulid).
• Li-equiuros (Phylum Echiura).
• Li-Sipuncle (Phylum Sipuncula).
• Li-cyclophores (Phylum Cycliophora).
• Entoproctos (Phylum Entoprocta).
• Nemertino (Phylum Nemertea).
• Briozoas (Phylum Bryozoa).
• Foronides (Phylum Phoronide).
• Li-brachiopods (Phylum Brachiopoda).

Kaha joale o tseba tsohle ka 'muso oa liphoofolo, tlhophiso ea liphoofolo le phyla ea liphoofolo, o kanna oa khahloa ke video ena e mabapi le liphoofolo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse kileng tsa fumanoa:

Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le 'Muso oa liphoofolo: tlhophiso, litšobotsi le mehlala, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.