Litaba
- Phapang lipakeng tsa sedative le anesthesia
- Katse e lula nako e telele hakae?
- Phenothiazines (acepromazine)
- Alpha-2 agonists (xylazine, medetomidine le dexmedetomidine)
- Benzodiazepines (diazepam le midazolam)
- Li-opioid (butorphanol, morphine, methadone, fentanyl le pethidine)
- Katse e nka nako e kae hore e tsohe borokong?
- Phase 1: boitokisetso pele
- Phase 2: ho kenella ho thethebatso
- Phase 3: tlhokomelo
- Phase 4: ho hlaphoheloa
- Katse ea ka ha e fole ho tsoa ho anesthesia
- Khaello ea Enzyme
- Propofol e le moriana o thethefatsang kutlo
- Ho sebelisa lithethefatsi hampe
- Hypothermia
Ho na le mabaka a mangata a hobaneng katse e lokela ho luloa kapa ho thethesoa, ho tloha pefong kapa tšabo ho etela ngaka ea liphoofolo kapa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse nyane tsa ho buoa kapa ts'ebetso e kholo. thethebatso, haholoholo ka kakaretso, e bolokehile haholo, ho fapana le seo barupeli ba bangata ba se nahanang, joalo ka tsebo ea morao-rao ea meriana, liperesente tsa lefu la anesthesia le ka tlase ho 0.5%.
Empa Katse e nka nako e kae hore e tsohe borokong? Nako e lekantsoeng ea katse ea ho hlaphoheloa kamora ho buuoa ke efe? Sehloohong sena sa PeritoAnimal, re u joetsa tsohle ka anesthesia le sedation ho likatse, seo u lokelang ho se etsa pele, mekhahlelo ea eona, litlamorao, meriana le ho fola ha eona. Ho bala hantle.
Phapang lipakeng tsa sedative le anesthesia
Batho ba bangata ba ferekanya sedation le anesthesia, empa 'nete ke hore, ke lits'ebetso tse peli tse fapaneng haholo. THE sedation e na le boemo ba khatello ea maikutlo ea methapo ea kutlo moo liphoofolo li robalang li se na karabelo e nyane kapa li sa arabele litšusumetso tse kantle. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, thethebatso, e ka bang ea lehae kapa e akaretsang, e akaretsang e bakang tahlehelo ea maikutlo a akaretsang ka hypnosis, phomolo ea mesifa le analgesia.
Leha ho le joalo, pele o isa katse ea hau ho ngaka, ngaka ea hau ea liphoofolo e tla bua le uena ka tlhahlobo ea pele ho thethebatso. Sena se bohlokoa haholo ho lekola boemo ba bophelo ba motsoalle oa hau ea feline le ho rala protocol e nepahetseng ea bohloko bakeng sa nyeoe ea hau. Sena se na le:
- Nalane e felletseng ea bongaka (mafu a teng le meriana)
- Ho hlahlojoa 'meleng (matšoao a bohlokoa, mamina, nako ea tlatsetso ea capillary le boemo ba' mele)
- Tlhahlobo ea mali le biochemistry
- Ho hlahloba moroto
- Electrocardiogram ho lekola boemo ba pelo
- Maemong a mang, le radiographs kapa ultrasound
Katse e lula nako e telele hakae?
Nako ea katse ea katse e ipapisitse le mofuta oa ts'ebetso e etsoang, e fapaneng ho latela nako le matla a ts'ebetso le phapang ea motho ka mong. Ho khatholla katse, ho ka sebelisoa metsoako ea litlhare, li-tranquilizers kapa li-analgesics, joalo ka tse latelang:
Phenothiazines (acepromazine)
Katse e lula nako e telele hakae bakeng sa katse e nang le phenothiazines? Hoo e ka bang lihora tse 4. Sena ke sedative se nkang metsotso e 20 ho nka khato, empa ka phello ea lihora tse 4 ka karolelano. phoofolo e tlameha ho ba oksijene haeba e sebelisoa joalo ka sedative ka lebaka la khatello ea pelo le methapo e ea hlahisa. E khetholloa ka:
- Antiemetic (ha e bake ho hlatsa)
- botebo bo tebileng
- Ha e na mohanyetsi, ka hona katse e tla tsoha ha sethethefatsi se kopantsoe
- Bradycardia (lebelo le tlaase la pelo)
- Hypotension (khatello e tlase ea mali) e fihlang ho lihora tse 6 ka nako e telele
- Se ke oa hlahisa analgesia
- boikhathollo ba mesifa bo itekanetseng
Alpha-2 agonists (xylazine, medetomidine le dexmedetomidine)
E nka nako e kae ho lisa katse e nang le alpha-2 agonists? Ke litlhare tse ntle tse nkang metsotso e 15 ho nka bohato 'me li na le nako e khuts'oane ea sedation, lihora tse ka bang 2. Ba na le mohanyetsi (atipamezole), ka hona, haeba e sebelisoa, ba tla tsoha ka nako e khuts'oane ntle le ho emela nako e hlokahalang ho fihlela phello ea ho thetsa e fela. E tlameha ho fuoa oksijene ka lebaka la litlamorao tsa pelo le methapo eo li e hlahisang:
- Phomolo e ntle ea mesifa.
- Analgesia e itekanetseng.
- Emetic (e baka ho hlatsa).
- Bradycardia.
- Hypotension.
- Hypothermia (theoha mocheso oa 'mele).
- Diuresis (tlhahiso e ngata ea moroto).
Benzodiazepines (diazepam le midazolam)
Katse e tšoarellang nako e telele hakae bakeng sa katse e nang le benzodiazepines? Ho tloha metsotso e 30 ho isa ho lihora tse 2. Benzodiazepines ke lintho tsa boikhathollo tse nkang metsotso e 15 ho feta tse nang le mohanyetsi (flumacenil) mme li hlahisa litlamorao tse latelang:
- boikhathollo bo matla ba mesifa
- Ha e na tšusumetso tsamaisong ea pelo
- se lule fatše
- Se ke oa hlahisa analgesia
Li-opioid (butorphanol, morphine, methadone, fentanyl le pethidine)
Katse e lutseng le li-opioid e nka nako e kae? Hoo e ka bang lihora tse peli. Li-opioid ke li-analgesics tse ntle tse sebelisoang makhetlo a mangata ka litlhare ho kenya letsoho ho lutseng kapa ho lokisetsa katse bakeng sa thethebatso. Ba tloaetse ho tepella setsi sa pelo le pelo haholo mme ba bang, joalo ka morphine, ba na le maikutlo. Nakong e fetileng, ho ne ho lumeloa hore li-opioid, joalo ka morphine, li haneloa likatseng ka lebaka la litlamorao tsa tsona. Matsatsing ana e ka sebelisoa ntle le mathata, empa ho boloka litekanyo, tsela, kemiso le motswako oa meriana, ha mathata a hlaha haeba a feta tekano, a baka dysphoria, delirium, ho hlasimoloha hoa makoloi le ho oela.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha butorphanol e hlahisa li-analgesia tse fokolang mme e sebelisoa ho soseng kapa bakeng sa ho itlhatsoa pele ho nako pele ho thethebatso e tloaelehileng, methadone le fentanyl ke tsona tse sebelisoang haholo mofuteng ona laola bohloko nakong ea ho buuoa ka lebaka la matla a eona a maholo a bohloko. Ba na le mohanyetsi ho khutlisa litlamorao tse bitsoang naloxone.
Ka hona, nako ea sedation e tla itšetleha ka metabolism le mmuso oa kat. Karolelano ke lihora tse ka bang 2 haeba e sa khutlisetse sedation le mohanyetsi. Ka ho kopanya lithethefatsi tse peli kapa ho feta tse tsoang lihlopheng tse fapaneng, e lumella ho eketsa litlamorao tse lakatsehang tsa litlama mme, ka hona, ho fokotsa litekanyetso le Litla-morao. Mohlala, motswako oa butorphanol le midazolam le dexmedetomidine hangata e sebetsa haholo ho kokobetsa katse e tšohileng, e bohloko, e nang le khatello ea maikutlo kapa e mabifi ha e buisanoa, mme ho ba le mohanyetsi ho khutlisa litlamorao, ho khona ho ea hae o tsohile kapa o otsela hanyane.
Katse e nka nako e kae hore e tsohe borokong?
katse e nka nako e telele hora, ka tlase kapa esita le lihora tse 'maloa ho tsoha borokong. Sena se latela mokhoa o etsoang le maemo a bophelo bo botle ba katse. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lits'ebetso tsa maiketsetso li na le mekhahlelo e mene:
Phase 1: boitokisetso pele
Morero oa hau oa mantlha ke ho theha "matloana a thethefatsoang" ho fokotsa lethal dose ea li-anesthetics tse latelang, ho fokotsa litla-morao tsa litekanyetso tse itšetlehileng ka tsona, ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo, tšabo le bohloko ho kat. Sena se etsoa ka ho fana ka metsoako e fapaneng ea lipheko, mesifa e khathollang, le litokollo tsa mahlaba tseo re buileng ka tsona karolong e fetileng.
Phase 2: ho kenella ho thethebatso
Ka ho fana ka moriana o thethefatsang o kenang ka ente o kang alfaxalone, ketamine kapa propofol ho etsa hore katse e lahleheloe ke maikutlo 'me, ka hona, e lumelle ho kenella (ho kenngoa ha tube ka har'a trachea ea feline bakeng sa ho kenyelletsa moriana o thethefatsang) ho ntšetsa pele ts'ebetso ea ho thethefatsa bohloko.
Mekhahlelo ena hangata e ea tšoarella metsotso e ka bang 20-30 ka botlalo ho fihlela lithethefatsi li sebetsa mme li lumella mohato o latelang.
Phase 3: tlhokomelo
e na le tsamaiso e tsoelang pele ea moriana o thethefatsang bohloko, ekaba ka mokhoa oa:
- Ho hema: (joalo ka isoflurane) hammoho le analgesia (li-opioid tse kang fentanyl, methadone kapa morphine) le / kapa lithethefatsi tse seng li-steroidal tse khahlanong le ho ruruha joalo ka meloxicam e tla ntlafatsa bohloko ba kamora ho sebetsa le ho ruruha. Ea ho qetela e ka boela ea fuoa qetellong ea thethebatso hammoho le lithibela-mafu ho thibela tšoaetso e ka bang teng.
- ho kenya methapo: Propofol le alfaxalone ka infusion e tsoelang pele kapa bolus e phetoang e nang le opioid e matla joalo ka fentanyl kapa methadone. Ts'ebeliso ea eona ha e khothaletsoe nako e fetang hora kapa tse peli likatseng ho qoba ho fola butle, haholoholo ka propofol.
- Ka hare ho mmele: ketamine le opioid bakeng sa ho buuoa ka nako e khuts'oane ea metsotso e 30. Haeba ho hlokahala nako e eketsehileng, ho ka fanoa ka tekanyetso ea bobeli ea ketamine ea mesifa, empa eseng ho feta 50% ea tekanyetso ea pele.
Nako ea mohato ona e ea fetoha ebile ho tla latela mofuta oa opereishene seo katse ea hau e tla etsoa. Haeba e le ho hloekisa, ho pota hora e le 'ngoe; ho hlaba, ho feta hanyane, joalo ka ho nka li biopsies; haeba u sebetsa 'meleng o kantle ho naha, joalo ka li-hairballs, ho ka nka nako e teletsana, ha e le hore ke ts'ebetso ea mahlomola, e kanna ea tšoarella lihora tse 'maloa. Ho boetse ho latela bokhoni ba ngaka e buoang le mathata a ka bang teng ha ho sebelisoa opereishene.
Phase 4: ho hlaphoheloa
Kamora ho phethela anesthesia, ho tsosolosoa hoa qala, e lokelang ho potlaka, e se ke ea imeloa kelellong ebile e se na bohloko haeba ts'ebetso, metsoako le litekanyetso tsa meriana e sebelisitsoeng li hlomphuoa. U tla hloka ho lekola maemo a hau, boemo ba hau, mocheso oa hau, 'me hamorao, mathata a ka bang teng a kang feberu le ho hlatsa, tse ka supang ts'oaetso. Ka kakaretso, katse e holileng e fepehileng hantle, e fepehileng hantle, e ente, le e ntšang seboko hlaphoheloa ho tloha thethebatso ka matsatsi a 2 kamora ho kenella le tatellano ea eona Matsatsi a 10 hamorao.
Kahoo, bolelele ba nako ea ho thethebatsoa bo fapana ho latela nako ea ts'ebetso, boemo ba phoofolo le metabolism, tsebo ea ngaka, mathata, meriana e sebelisitsoeng le nako ea ho hlasimolla. Kahoo, mabapi le potso ea hore na ho nka nako e kae katse ho tsoha ho tloha anesthesia, karabo ke hore anesthesia e 'ngoe e nka hora kapa ka tlase, tse ling e ka nka lihora tse 'maloa. Empa o seke oa tšoenyeha, ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho thethefatsa bohloko, analgesia, taolo ea maemo a bohlokoa le mocheso ke ngaka e thethefatsang bohloko, katse ea hau e tla bolokeha ebile e sa utloe bohloko kapa khatello ea maikutlo, ho sa tsotelehe nako ea anesthesia.
Katse ea ka ha e fole ho tsoa ho anesthesia
Nako e nkang hore phoofolo e fole ho tloha ho anesthesia e tla itšetleha ka palo e fanoeng, mofuta oa anesthesia e sebelisitsoeng le katse ka boeona. Le ha katse ea hau e itima lijo pele e etsoa opereishene, e kanna ea ba le bile kapa lijo tse setseng ka mpeng kapa ea ikutloa e nyekeloa ke pelo.
Se ke oa tšoenyeha, ho tloaelehile haeba ho sebelisoa litlhare tsa alpha-2 kapa li-opioid tse ling. Ho boetse ho tloaelehile hore katse ka mor'a ho tsoha e tsamaee ka lehlakore e ferekane kapa e shejoe ntle ho lebaka, ho nka lihora tse 'maloa ho e ja, kapa ho ntša metsi haholo letsatsing leo ho felisa mokelikeli o mongata o tsamaisoang ka maro nakong ea `` anesthesia' '. Ka mohlala, nakong ea phomolo ea kamora 'ts'ebetso ea katse e sa sebetseng, ho hlokahala hore a lule ho sebaka se chesang, se lefifi le se khutsitseng.
ka linako tse ling likatse ho nka nako e telele ho tsoha. Hopola hore likatse li fapane haholo le lintja ka litsela tse ngata. Ba ne ba tla ba joalo ka anesthesia. Ka ho khetheha, metabolism ea meriana ea likatse e lieha haholo ho feta lintja, ka hona ho ka nka nako e telele ho tsoha. Katse ea hau ho ka nka nako e telele ho fola ho tsoa ho anesthesia ka mabaka a latelang:
Khaello ea Enzyme
E 'ngoe ea litsela tsa bohlokoahali tsa ho silafatsa lithethefatsi bakeng sa ho li felisa hamorao ke ho kopanya ha tsona le acid ea glucuronic. Leha ho le joalo, likatse li na le file ea khaello ea enzyme ea glucuronyltransferase, ke mang ea ikarabellang ho sena. Ka lebaka la sena, phetoho ea lithethefatsi tse sebelisang tsela ena e lieha haholo ha o sebelisa mokhoa o mong: sulfoconjugation.
Tšimoloho ea khaello ena e fumanoa mekhoeng ea ho ja ea li-feline. Ho ba liphoofolo tse jang nama ka thata, ha li so iphetole ho hlahisa litsamaiso tsa ho fepa phytoalexin ea semela. Ka hona, likatseng lithethefatsi tse ling (ibuprofen, aspirin, paracetamol le morphine) li lokela ho qojoa kapa ho sebelisoa ka tekanyetso e tlase haholo ho feta lintja, tse se nang bothata bona.
Propofol e le moriana o thethefatsang kutlo
Ts'ebeliso ea propofol tlhokomelong e le moriana o thethefatsang kutlo nako e fetang hora e ka lelefatsa nako ea ho hlaphoheloa likatse. Ntle le moo, `` propofol anesthesia '' e phetoang khafetsa e ka hlahisa tšenyo ea oxidative le tlhahiso ea 'mele ea Heinz (inclusions e bopehang pheletsong ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ka timetso ea hemoglobin).
Ho sebelisa lithethefatsi hampe
Likatse li tloaetse ho boima hanyane, haholo haeba li le nyane, ka hona li ka feteletsa habonolo habonolo ka lebaka la ho lelefatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, ho nka nako e teletsana ho fetisa mmele, e le hore ba khaotse ho etsa liketso tsa bona. Maemong ana, ke lithethefatsi tsa bahanyetsi feela tse tla bonts'oa, empa ho nahanoa ka hoo ho tsosa ho ka ba ka tšohanyetso ebile ha ho bonolo. Ebile, tloaelo ke ho leka ho tsoha butle butle le butle, ka thuso, ha ho hlokahala, ea lintho tse phomolang joalo ka benzodiazepines.
Hypothermia
Hypothermia likatseng kapa ho theoha ha mocheso oa 'mele ho tloaelehile ka lebaka la boholo le boima ba' mele oa bona. Ha mocheso o theoha haholo, ho ba thata le ho feta ho kopanya lithethefatsi, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ea enzymatic, ho lelefatsa ho hlaphoheloa le ho tsoha ho tloha ho anesthesia. Boemo bona bo tlameha ho thibeloa ka ho kenya lisebelisoa tse sireletsang phoofolo le ho e koahela ka likobo kapa ho sebelisa litafole tse futhumetseng tsa ho buoa, ho sebelisa maro a futhumetseng, le ho boloka mocheso oa kamore ea tšebetso ho pota 21-24 ºC.
Hona joale kaha u tseba hore na ho nka nako e kae hore katse e tsohe ho tloha ho anesthesia, video ena e mabapi le ho lahla likatse e ka u khahla:
Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Katse e nka nako e kae hore e tsohe borokong?, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.