Mutualism in Biology - Moelelo le Mehlala

Sengoli: Peter Berry
Letsatsi La Creation: 19 Phupu 2021
Ntlafatsa Letsatsi: 16 November 2024
Anonim
Mutualism in Biology - Moelelo le Mehlala - Liphoofolo Tse Ruuoang Lapeng
Mutualism in Biology - Moelelo le Mehlala - Liphoofolo Tse Ruuoang Lapeng

Litaba

Ka likamano lipakeng tsa libopuoa tse fapaneng lula e le e 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa mantlha tsa thuto ea mahlale. Haholo-holo, ho sebelisana 'moho ho ithutiloe haholo,' me hajoale linyeoe tse makatsang haholo tsa tumellano ea liphoofolo li ntse li hlaha. Haeba ho fihlela morao tjena ho ne ho lumeloa hore ho na le linyeoe tseo ho tsona mofuta o le mong feela o ruileng molemo ho o mong, kajeno rea tseba hore ho lula ho na le kamano mofuteng ona oa likamano, ke hore, le maruo ka mahlakore ka bobeli.

Sehloohong sena sa PeritoAnimal, re tla hlalosa moelelo oa mutualism ka baeloji, mefuta e teng mme re tla bona mehlala e meng. Fumana tsohle ka mokhoa ona oa kamano lipakeng tsa liphoofolo. Ho bala hantle!

Ho sebelisana 'moho ke eng?

Mutualism ke mofuta oa kamano ea likamano. Kamanong ena, batho ba babeli ba mefuta e fapaneng rua molemo ea kamano lipakeng tsa bona, ho fumana ho hong (lijo, setšabelo, jj.) tseo ba ke keng ba li fumana ntle le boteng ba mefuta e meng. Ho bohlokoa hore u se ke oa ferekanya ho sebelisana 'moho le symbiosis. THE phapang lipakeng tsa ho sebelisana 'moho le symbiosis o lula ka ho lumellanoeng hoo ke mofuta oa ts'ebelisano lipakeng tsa batho ba babeli.


Ho ka etsahala hore ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e phelang polaneteng ea Lefatše ka tsela e itseng e amahanngoe le bonyane ntho e 'ngoe e phelang ea mofuta o fapaneng. Ho feta moo, ho bonahala eka mofuta ona oa likamano e bile oa bohlokoa nalaneng ea kholo ea kholo ea batho ka ho iphetola ha lintho, ka mohlala, e bile litholoana tsa tumellano ho tšimoloho ea sele ea eukaryotic, O ponahalo ea semela bokaholimo ba lefatše kapa angiosperm mefuta-futa kapa limela tse thunyang.

Litsenyehelo tsa ho sebelisana 'moho

Qalong ho ne ho nahanoa hore kopano ke ketso e hlokang boithati ke lintho tse phelang. Matsatsing ana, hoa tsebahala hore ha ho joalo, le hore taba ea ho nka ho motho e mong ntho eo o ke keng oa e hlahisa kapa oa e fumana e na le litšenyehelo.

Hona ho joalo ka lipalesa tse hlahisang lero ho hohela likokoanyana, e le hore peo e phofo e khomarele phoofolo le e qhalanang. Mohlala o mong ke oa limela tse nang le litholoana tse nang le linama tseo ka tsona liphoofolo tse hlokang monokotšoai li kha tholoana eo ebe li hasanya peo kamora ho feta tšimong ea tsona ea tšilo ea lijo. Bakeng sa limela, ho hlahisa litholoana ke Ts'ebeliso ea chelete e ngata seo se ba tsoela molemo hanyane ka kotloloho.


Leha ho le joalo, ho ithuta le ho fumana litholoana tse nang le moelelo mabapi le hore na litšenyehelo li kholo hakae ho motho ke mosebetsi o thata. Ntho ea bohlokoa ke hore maemong a mefuta le maemong a tlhabollo, ho sebelisana ka bobeli ke leano le letle.

Mefuta ea Mutualism

Ho arola le ho utloisisa hamolemo likamano tse fapaneng tsa likamano ho baeloji, likamano tsena li tšoantšelitsoe ka lihlopha tse 'maloa:

  • Tumellano e tlamang le tumellano ea boikhethelo: ka hara dibopuwa tse kopanetsweng ho na le mefuta eo ho yona batho ba ka bang tlamo e tlamang eo ho yona, ntle le boteng ba mofuta o mong, e kekeng ya phetha mesebetsi ya yona ya bohlokwa, le boitseanape ba matla, ba ka pholohang ntle le ho sebedisana le motho e mong.
  • Tumellano ea Trophic: Mofuteng ona oa tumellano, batho ba amehang ba fumana kapa ba nyenyefatsa limatlafatsi le li-ion tseo ba li hlokang ho phela. Ka tloaelo, mofuteng ona oa tumellano, libopuoa tse amehang ka lehlakoreng le leng ke phoofolo e heterotrophic, 'me ka lehlakoreng le leng, ke setho sa autotrophic. Ha rea ​​lokela ho ferekanya mahlakore a mabeli le matlafatso. Ho commensalism, e 'ngoe ea lintho tse phelang e fumana melemo mme e' ngoe ha e fumane letho kamanong eo.
  • ho itšireletsa: ho itšireletsa ka bobeli ho etsahala ha e mong oa batho ba amehang a fumana moputso (lijo kapa setšabelo) ka ts'ireletso ea mofuta o mong oo e leng karolo ea tumellano.
  • ho arohana: kopano ena ke e etsahalang lipakeng tsa mefuta ea liphoofolo le meroho, e le hore mefuta ea liphoofolo e fumane lijo 'me, meroho, ho hasana ha peo e phofo ea eona, peo kapa litholoana.

Mehlala ea Mutualism

Kamanong e fapaneng ea likamano tse peli ho ka ba le mefuta e tlamang ea mefuta e 'meli e tlamang. Ho kanna ha etsahala hore mothating o mong ho be le tlamo e tlamang 'me, nakong e' ngoe, ho ikhethele. Lintho tse ling tse kopanetsoeng (trophic, defensive kapa dispersive) e ka ba tlamo kapa ea boikhethelo, ho latela kamano. Hlahloba mehlala e meng ea bonngoe:


Tšebelisano pakeng tsa bohloa bo sehang makhasi le li-fungus

Bohloa bo sehang makhasi ha bo fepe ka kotloloho limela tseo bo li bokellang, bopa lirapa lithabeng tsa bona moo ba behang makhasi a sehiloeng ebe ho tsona ba beha mycelium ea fungus, e tla fepa lekhasi. Ka mor'a hore fungus e hōle, bohloa bo iphepa ka 'mele ea bona ea litholoana. Kamano ena ke mohlala oa tumellano ea trophic.

Tšebelisano lipakeng tsa mameno le likokoana-hloko tse busang

Mohlala o mong o hlakileng oa tšebeliso ea li-trophic mutualism ke oa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse jang nama tse halikiloeng. Hangata liphoofolo tsena li fula joang. Mofuta ona oa lijo o matla haholo ruileng ka selulose, mofuta oa polysaccharide e ke keng ea nyenyefatsoa ke lintho tse busang ntle le tšebelisano ea libopuoa tse ling. Likokoana-hloko tse lulang ka har'a rumen nyenyefatsa mabota a selulose ho tsoa limeleng, ho fumana limatlafatsi le ho lokolla limatlafatsi tse ling tse ka ananeloang ke phoofolo e anyesang. Kamano ea mofuta ona ke tumellano e tlamang, lintho tse busolosang le libaktheria tsa rumen li ke ke tsa phela ntle ho tse ling.

Ho sebelisana pakeng tsa bohloa le actinobacteria

Bohlwa, ho eketsa matla a seolo sa bohlwa, di aha dihlaha tsa tsona ka mantle a tsona. Lisebelisoa tsena, ha li tiisa, li na le ponahalo e teteaneng e lumellang ho ata ha actinobacteria. Libaktheria tsena li etsa thibelo khahlanong le ho ata ha li-fungus. Kahoo, bohloa bo fumana tšireletso 'me libaktheria li fumana lijo, e leng mohlala oa nyeoe ea ho itšireletsa.

Tšebelisano pakeng tsa bohloa le hoaba

Bohloa bo bong bo iphepa ka lero le tsoekere le lekoang ke hoaba. Ha hoaba ho ja lero la limela, bohloa bo noa lero la tsoekere. Haeba liphoofolo tse jang tse ling li ka leka ho senya hoaba, bohloa bo ke ke ba tsilatsila ho sireletsa hoaba, mohloli oa lijo tsa hau tsa mantlha. Ke taba ea ho itšireletsa.

Bonngoe pakeng tsa liphoofolo tse jang le limela

Likamano lipakeng tsa liphoofolo tse hlokang chelete le limela tse fepang li matla hoo, ho latela liphuputso tse 'maloa, haeba tse ling tsa liphoofolo tsena li fela kapa li fokotseha ka palo, litholoana tsa limela li tla fokotseha ka boholo.

Liphoofolo tse jang ka thata li khetha mofuta oa litholoana tse ngata tse nameng le tse hohelang mahlo, ka hona, ho na le khetho ea litholoana tse ntle haholo ke liphoofolo tsena. Ka lebaka la khaello ea liphoofolo, limela ha li hlahise litholoana tse kholo joalo kapa, haeba li ka ba teng, ho ke ke ha ba le phoofolo e e khahlisang, ka hona ho ke ke ha ba le khatello e ntle ea hore tholoana ena e be sefate nakong e tlang.

Ntle le moo, limela tse ling, ho hlahisa litholoana tse kholo, li hloka ho faoloa litholoana tse ling. O ho arohana ehlile ha e hlokahale feela bakeng sa mefuta e amehang, empa le bakeng sa tikoloho.

Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Mutualism in Biology - Moelelo le Mehlala, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.