Litšobotsi tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang: tlhaloso le mehlala

Litaba

• Dinyantshi ke eng?
• Litšobotsi tse 11 tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang
• Mefuta ea liphoofolo tse anyesang
• Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang
• Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa lefats'e
• Mehlala ya dinyantshi tsa lewatleng
• Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa monotremes
• Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa marsupial
• Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tse fofang

Dinyantshi ke sehlopha sa diphoofolo se ithutoang haholo, ke ka hona e leng lesapo la mokokotlo le tsebahalang haholo. Lebaka ke hobane ke sehlopha seo batho ba kenyellelitsoeng ho sona, kahoo kamora ho leka ho tsebana ka makholo a lilemo, mefuta ea rona e ile ea batlisisa liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang.

Sehloohong sena sa liphoofolo, re tla hlalosa ka tlhaloso ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, e pharalletseng haholo ho feta seo re se tsebang ka kakaretso. Ntle le moo, re tla hlalosa file ea litšobotsi tse anyesang le mehlala e meng e tsebahalang mme e meng e sa tlwaeleha hakaalo.

Dinyantshi ke eng?

Dinyantshi ke sehlopha se seholo sa liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo ka mocheso o sa feleng oa 'mele, o hlophisitsoeng sehlopheng sa Mammalia. Ka kakaretso, liphoofolo tse anyesang li hlalosoa e le liphoofolo tse nang le boea le litšoelesa tsa mammary, tse tsoalang malinyane a tsona. Leha ho le joalo, liphoofolo tse anyesang ke lintho tse rarahaneng haholo, tse nang le litšobotsi tse hlakileng ho feta tse boletsoeng kaholimo.

Liphoofolo tsohle tse anyesang li tsoa ho moholo-holo a le mong e hlahileng qetellong ea Triassic, lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 200 tse fetileng. Ka ho khetheha, liphoofolo tse anyesang li tsoa sLintho tsa pele tsa ynapsid, li-tetrapods tsa li-amniotic, ke hore, liphoofolo tse maoto a mane tseo mahe a tsona a emolisitsoeng a sirelelitsoeng ke lienfelopo tse 'ne. Kamora ho felisoa ha li-dinosaurs, lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 65 tse fetileng, liphoofolo tse anyesang li ile tsa fapana ho tloha ho moholo-holo ona ho kena mefuta e fapaneng, ho ikamahanya le mekhoa eohle, mobu, metsi le moea.

Litšobotsi tse 11 tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang

Joalokaha re boletse pejana, liphoofolo tsena ha li hlalosoe ke sebapali se le seng kapa tse peli feela, ha e le hantle, li na le litšobotsi tse ikhethileng tsa morphological, hammoho le ho rarahana ho hoholo ha boitšoaro ho etsang hore motho ka mong a ikhethile.

Ka litšobotsi tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo ke:

1. mohlahare o thehiloe feela ka masapo a meno.
2. Tlhaloso ea mandible le lehata e etsoa ka kotloloho lipakeng tsa masapo a meno le squamosal.
3. Likarolo tse tharo masapo hara tsebe e bohareng (hamore, stirrup le incus), ntle le li-monotremes, tse nang le tsebe e bonolo ea sehahabi.
4. Sebopeho sa mantlha sa li-epidermal tsa liphoofolo tsena ke moriri oa tsona. Kaofela mefuta ea liphoofolo tse anyesang nts'etsapele moriri, hanyane kapa hanyane. Mefuta e meng, joalo ka li-cetacean, e na le moriri nakong ea tsoalo, 'me e lahleheloa ke moriri ona ha o ntse o hola. Maemong a mang, boea boa fetoloa, ho etsa mohlala, mapheoana a maruarua kapa sekala sa pangolin.
5. E ineloa letlalong la liphoofolo tse anyesang, palo e kholo ea mofufutso le litsoelesa tse sebaceous e ka fumanoa. Tse ling tsa tsona li fetoloa litšoelesa tse nkhang hamonate kapa tse chefo.
6. hona joale litšoelesa tsa mammary, e tsoang ho litšoelesa tse sebaceous le ho ntša lebese, e leng lijo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane.
7. Ho ea ka mefuta, ba kanna ba ba le eona manala, manala kapa litlhako, tsohle li entsoe ka ntho e bitsoang keratin.
8. Liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang li na le tsona manaka kapa manaka. Linaka li na le masapo a koahetsoeng ke letlalo, 'me manaka a boetse a na le ts'ireletso e bonojoana,' me ho na le a mang a se nang masapo, a bopehileng ka ho bokellana ha letlalo, joalo ka linaka tsa litšukulu.
9. O Lisebelisoa tsa ho sila lijo tsa mamalia e tsoetse pele haholo ebile e rarahane ho feta mefuta e meng. Karolo e ba khethollang ka ho fetisisa ke boteng ba sebopeho sa mokotla o foufetseng, sehlomathiso.
10. Dinyantshi di na le bokong neocortex kapa, ka mantsoe a mang, boko bo tsoetseng pele haholo, bo ba lebisang ho nts'etsapele palo e kholo ea bokhoni ba kutloisiso.
11. liphoofolo tsohle tse anyesang hemamoea, leha e ka ba liphoofolo tse phelang metsing. Ka hona, tsamaiso ea ho hema ea liphoofolo tse anyesang e na le tse peli matšoafo eo, ho latela mofuta, e ka koaeloang kapa e ke keng ea koaheloa. Li boetse li na le trachea, bronchi, bronchioles le alveoli, e lokiselitsoeng phapanyetsano ea khase. Ba boetse ba na le setho sa lentsoe se nang le lithapo tsa lentsoe tse fumanehang ho larynx. Sena se ba lumella ho hlahisa melumo e fapaneng.

Mefuta ea liphoofolo tse anyesang

Tlhaloso ea khale ea se anyesang e ka kenyelletsa mefuta e meng ea pele ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tse hlahileng polaneteng. Sehlopha sa Mammalia se arotsoe ka litaelo tse tharo, monotremes, marsupials le li-placental.

1. Monotremes: taelo ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa monotremes e entsoe ka mefuta e mehlano feela ea liphoofolo, platypus le echidnas. Lianyesi tsena li khetholloa ka ho ba liphoofolo tse mahe a linotši, ke hore, li behela mahe. Ntle le moo, ba boloka semelo sa baholo-holo ba bona ba lihahabi, e leng cloaca, moo lisebelisoa tsa ho sila lijo, tsa ho ntša metsi le tsa ho ikatisa li kopanang.
2. Marsupials: Dinyantshi tsa Marsupial di tsebahala ka, leha e le liphoofolo tse mafolofolo, li na le nts'etsopele e khuts'oane haholo, e e phethelang e se e le kantle ho popelo ea bo-mme empa kahare ho mokotla oa letlalo o bitsoang marsupium, ka hare moo litšoelesa tsa mammary li leng teng.
3. Batho ba bangata: Qetellong, ho na le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse busang. Liphoofolo tsena, tse boetse li le mafolofolo, li phethela kholo ea tsona ka popelong ea mme, 'me ha li e tlohela, li its'etleha ka botlalo ho mme oa tsona, ea tla ba fa ts'ireletso le phepo eo ba tla e hloka likhoeling tsa pele kapa lilemo tsa bophelo, lebese la matsoele.

Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang

Bakeng sa hore o tsebe liphoofolo tsena hantle, re hlahisa ka tlase lethathamo le leholo la mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, leha e se kholo joalo ka mefuta e fetang 5,200 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang e teng hona joale polaneteng ea Lefatše.

Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa lefats'e

Re tla qala ka liphoofolo tse anyesang, tse ling tsa tsona ke:

• Qoaha (qoaha equus);
• katse ea malapeng (Felis sylvestris catus);
• ntja ea malapeng (Canis lupus familiaris);
• Tlou ea Afrika (African Loxodonta);
• Phiri (likennel lupus);
• Likhama tse tloaelehileng (cervus elaphus);
• Lynx ea Yuropa (lynx lynx);
• Mmutla wa Yuropa (Oryctolagus cuniculus);
• Pere (equus ferus caballus)​​;
• Chimpanzee e Tloaelehileng (pan troglodyte);
• Bonobo (pan paniscus);
• Borneo Orangutan (Pong Pygmaeus);
• Bere e sootho (Li-arctos tsa Ursus);
• Bere ea panda kapa panda e kholo (Ailuropoda melanoleuca);
• Phokojoe e khubelu (Likokoana-hloko Vulpes);
• Nkoe ea Sumatran (panthera tigris sumatrae);
• Nkoe ea Bengal (panthera tigris tigris);
• Likhama (rangifer tarandus);
• Howler monkeyAlouatta palliata);
• llama (seretse se boreleli);
• Monko o monate weasel (mephitis mephitis);
• Badger (mahe a linotsi mahe a linotši).

Mehlala ya dinyantshi tsa lewatleng

Ho boetse ho na liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing, tse ling tsa tsona ke:

• Leruarua le LefubeluEschrichtius robustus);
• Leholiotsoana le Letona la Pygmy (Caperea marginata);
• Dolphin ea Ganges (moqhekelli oa li-gangetic);
• Fin WhaleBalaenoptera physalus);
• Leruarua le LefubeluMusculus ea Balaenoptera);
• Dolphin ea Bolivia (Inia boliviensis);
• Porpoise (vexillifer lipos);
• Dolphin ea Araguaia (Inia araguaiaensis);
• Leruarua la Greenland (Mohlolo oa Balaena);
• Twilight DolphinLagenorhynchus obscurus);
• Porpoise (phocoena phocoena);
• Dolphin e pinki (Inia geoffrensis);
• Dolphin ea Going (platanist e nyane);
• Leruarua le letona la Pacific (Eubalaena japonica);
• Leruarua la HumpbackMegaptera novaeangliae);
• Dolphin e nang le mahlakore a masoeu a Atlantic (Lagenorhynchus acutus);
• Vaquita (Phocoena sinus);
• Tiiso e Tloaelehileng (Vitulina Phoca);
• Tau ea Leoatle ea Australia (Neophoca cinerea);
• Letšoao la boea la Amerika Boroa (Arctophoca australis australis);
• Leoatle Bear (Callorhinus libere);
• Tiiso ea Monk ea Mediterranean (monachus monachus);
• Crab tiiso (Kankere ea Wolfdon);
• Leopard TiisoHydrurga leptonyx);
• Litelu TiisoErignathus barbatus);
• Tiiso ea harepa (Pagophilus groenlandicus).

Setšoantšo: dolphin e pinki / Tlhahiso: https://www.flickr.com/photos/lubasi/7450423740

Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa monotremes

ho latela le mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, Mona ke mefuta ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa monotremes:

• Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus);
• Echidna e nang le nko e khuts'oane (tachyglossus aculeatus);
• Echidne ea Attenborough (Tsebo ea Zaglossus);
• Echidne ea Barton (Zaglossus bartoni);
• Echidna ea nako e telele (Zaglossus bruijni).

Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa marsupial

Ho boetse ho na liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa marsupial, har'a tsona, tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke:

• Vombat e Tloaelehileng (Ursinus Vombatus);
• Tsoekere ea 'moba (petaurus breviceps);
• Kangaroo e Bohlooho bo Bochabela (Macropus giganteus);
• Kangaroo e Bophirimela Bophirimela (Macropus fuliginosus);
• Koala (Phascolarctos Cinereus);
• Kangaroo e khubelu (Macropus rufus);
• Diabolose kapa Tasmanian diabolose (Sarcophilus harrisii).

Mehlala ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tse fofang

Ho phethela sengoloa sena ka litšobotsi tse anyesang, ha re bue ka mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tse fofang tseo u hlokang ho li tseba:

• Boea ba boea (Myotis emarginatus);
• 'Mele o moholo oa arboreal (Nyctalus noctula);
• Bat ba Boroa (Eptesicus isabellinus);
• Bat ba Lefubelu le Lefubelu (Lasiurus blossevillii);
• Philippines Flying Bat (Acerodon jubatus);
• hamore bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus);
• 'Mankhane o tloaelehileng kapa' mankhane (svb_nathapiso);
• Bat ba Vampire (Desmodus rotundus);
• Bat ea Vampire ea maoto a moririDiphylla ecaudata);
• Vampire Bat e nang le mapheo a masoeu (tau ea matsekha).

Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Litšobotsi tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang: tlhaloso le mehlala, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.