Litšobotsi tsa Amphibian

Litaba

• Li-amphibian ke eng?
• Mefuta ea li-amphibian
• Litšobotsi tsa Amphibian
• Phetoho ea liphoofolo tse phelang metsing
• letlalo la amphibian
• Masapo a Amphibian le Boholo
• Molomo oa Amphibian
• Ho fepa Amphibian
• Phefumoloho ea Amphibian
• Ho ikatisa ha Amphibian
• Litšobotsi tse ling tsa amphibians

Li-Amphibian li theha sehlopha sa khale ka ho fetisisa sa lesapo la mokokotlo. Lebitso la bona le bolela "bophelo bo habeli" (amphi = bobeli le bios = bophelo) mme ke liphoofolo tse ts'oanang le 'mele, ho bolelang hore li its'etleha mehloling e kantle ea mocheso ho laola botsitso ba kahare. Hape, ke li-amniotes, joalo ka litlhapi. Sena se bolela hore mahe a emolisitsoeng ha a lika-liketsoa ke lera: amnion.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, phetoho ea li-amphibi le ho tsamaea ha bona ho tloha metsing ho ea naheng li etsahetse ho feta lilemo tse limilione. Baholo-holo ba hau ba phetse ka nako e telele Lilemong tse limilione tse 350 tse fetileng, qetellong ea Mo-Devone, 'me' mele ea bona e ne e le matla, e e-na le maoto a malelele, e bataletse ebile e na le menoana e mengata. Tsena e ne e le Acanthostega le Icthyostega, tseo e neng e le tse tlileng pele ho li-tetrapod tsohle tseo re li tsebang kajeno. Li-Amphibian li ajoa lefatšeng ka bophara, leha li le sieo libakeng tsa lehoatata, libakeng tsa polar le Antarctic le lihlekehlekeng tse ling tsa leoatle. Tsoela pele ho bala sengoloa sena sa PeritoAnimal 'me u tla utloisisa tsohle litšobotsi amphibian, makhethe le mekhoa ea bona ea bophelo.

Li-amphibian ke eng?

Li-Amphibian ke liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo tsa tetrapod, ke hore, li na le masapo le maoto le matsoho a mane. Ke sehlopha sa liphoofolo se ikhethileng haholo, ha se ntse se e-na le phetoho ea semmuso e ba lumellang ho feta ho tloha boemong ba seboko ho ea boemong ba batho ba baholo, ho bolelang hape hore, maphelong a bona kaofela, ba na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho hema.

Mefuta ea li-amphibian

Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea li-amphibians, tse khetholloang ka tsela e latelang:

• Li-Amphibian tsa taelo ea Gymnophiona: sehlopheng sena, ho na le caecilians feela, bao 'mele oa bona o ts'oanang le oa liboko, empa o na le maoto le matsoho a mane a makhuts'oane haholo.
• Li-Amphibian tsa taelo ea Caudata: kaofela ke amphibian tse nang le mehatla, joalo ka salamanders le newt.
• Li-Amphibian tsa taelo ea Anura: ha ba na mohatla mme ba tsejwa haholo. Mehlala e meng ke lihohoana le lithole.

Litšobotsi tsa Amphibian

Har'a litšobotsi tsa amphibians latelang tse hlaheletseng:

Phetoho ea liphoofolo tse phelang metsing

Li-Amphibian li na le litšobotsi tse itseng tseleng ea tsona ea bophelo. Ho fapana le li-tetrapods tse ling, li feta ts'ebetsong e bitsoang metamorphosis, eo ka eona larva, ke hore, tadpole, e bang teng fetoha motho e moholo 'me e tloha ho phefumoloha ha branchial ho ea ho phefumoloho ea pulmonary. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ena, ho na le liphetoho tse ngata tsa sebopeho le mmele, tseo ka tsona 'mele o itokisetsang ho tloha bophelong ba metsing ho ea bophelong ba lefatše.

Lehe la amphibian le kenngoa ka metsing; ka hona, ha seboko se qhoma, se na le mamena a ho hema, mohatla le molomo o chitja o ka se jang. Kamora nakoana ka metsing, e tla be e loketse ts'oaetso, moo e tla ba le liphetoho tse kholo ho tloha ho nyamela ha mohatla le malakabe, joalo ka li-salamanders tse ling (Urodelos), ho liphetoho tse kholo lits'ebetsong tsa manyolo, joalo ka lihoho (Anurans). O ho latelang hoa etsahala:

• Nts'etsopele ea lipheletsong tsa ka pele le kamorao;
• Nts'etsopele ea masapo a masapo;
• Khōlo ea matšoafo;
• Phapang ea litsebe le mahlo;
• Liphetoho tsa letlalo;
• Nts'etsopele ea litho tse ling tsa kutlo le kutlo;
• Nts'etsopele ea Neuronal.

Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e meng ea salamanders e ka khona ha e hloke phetoho ea 'mele le ho fihlela boemo ba batho ba baholo bo ntse bo na le litšobotsi tsa seboko, joalo ka boteng ba li-gill, ho li etsa hore li shebahale joalo ka motho e monyane e monyane. Ts'ebetso ena e bitsoa neoteny.

letlalo la amphibian

Li-amphibian tsohle tsa sejoale-joale, ke hore, Urodelos kapa Caudata (salamanders), Anuras (toads) le Gimnophiona (caecilians), kaofela ba bitsoa Lissanphibia, mme lebitso lena le tsoa ho hore liphoofolo tsena se na sekala letlalong, kahoo o "hlobotse". Ha ba na lesela le leng la letlalo joaloka a mang a lesapo la mokokotlo, ekaba moriri, masiba kapa sekala, ntle le li-caecilians, tseo letlalo la tsona le koahetsoeng ke mofuta oa "dermal scale".

Ka hlakoreng le leng, letlalo la hao le lesesane haholo, e nolofalletsang ho phefumoloha ha letlalo la bona, e ea kenella ebile e fuoa vascularization e ngata, li-pigment le litšoelesa (maemong a mang li na le chefo) tse li lumellang ho itšireletsa khahlanong le abrasion ea tikoloho le khahlano le batho ba bang, e le karolo ea bona ea pele ea ts'ireletso.

Mefuta e mengata, joalo ka dendrobatids (lihohoana tse chefo), e na le mebala e khanyang haholo tse ba lumellang ho fana ka "tlhokomeliso" ho libatana tsa bona, kaha li khahla haholo, empa mebala ena hangata e amahanngoa le litšoelesa tse chefo. Sena ka tlhaho se bitsoa aposematism ea liphoofolo, eo ha e le hantle e leng 'mala o lemosang.

Masapo a Amphibian le Boholo

Sehlopha sena sa liphoofolo se na le phapang e pharalletseng ho ea ka masapo a sona mabapi le tse ling tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo. Nakong ea ntlafatso ea bona, ba lahleha le ho fetola masapo a mangata ea maoto a ka pele, empa letheka la hae le lehlakoreng le leng le ntlafetse haholo.

Maoto a ka pele a na le menoana e mene ea maoto le ea morao e maoto a mahlano, 'me a malelele ho tlola kapa ho sesa, ntle le ho li-caecilians, tse ileng tsa lahleheloa ke maoto le matsoho ka morao ka lebaka la mokhoa oa bona oa bophelo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho latela mofuta, maoto a ka morao a ka ikamahanya le ho tlola le ho sesa, empa le ho tsamaea.

Molomo oa Amphibian

Molomo oa li-amphibians o khetholloa ka ho ba le litšobotsi tse latelang:

• Meno a fokolang;
• Molomo o moholo le o sephara;
• Leleme le nang le mesifa le nama.

Maleme a Amphibian a thusa ho fepa, 'me mefuta e meng e khona ho tsoa ho ea ts'oasa phofu ea eona.

Ho fepa Amphibian

Ho araba potso ea hore na li-amphibian li ja eng ho thata haholo, joalo ka ha li-amphibian li fepa fapana le lilemoHo khona ho iphepa ka limela tsa metsing nakong ea leqhubu le likokoana-hloko tse nyane tse boemong ba batho ba baholo, joalo ka:

• Liboko;
• Likokoanyana;
• Likho.

Hape ho na le mefuta ea liphoofolo tse jang nama tse ka jang diphoofotsoana tse nyane, joalo ka litlhapi le liphoofolo tse anyesang. Mohlala oa sena ke li-bullfrogs (tse fumanehang ka har'a sehlopha sa lihoho), e leng litsomi tse ratang monyetla mme hangata li khona ho bipetsana ha li leka ho koenya phofu e kholo haholo.

Phefumoloho ea Amphibian

Li-Amphibian li na le phefumoloho ea gill (boemong ba eona ba ho ba seboko) le letlalo, ka lebaka la letlalo la bona le lesesaane le kenang, le ba lumellang ho chencha khase. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba baholo le bona ba na le phefumoloho ea matšoafo 'me, mefuteng e mengata, ba kopanya mekhoa e' meli ea ho hema bophelong bohle ba bona.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mefuta e meng ea li-salamanders e haelloa ke ho hema ka matšoafo, ka hona e sebelisa phapanyetsano ea khase ka letlalo, e atisang ho mena e le hore bokaholimo ba phapanyetsano bo eketsehe.

Ho ikatisa ha Amphibian

Li-Amphibian li teng arola bong, ke hore, li dioecious, 'me maemong a mang ho na le ts'oaetso ea thobalano, e bolelang hore banna le basali ba fapane. Manyolo hangata a kantle ho li-anuran le kahare ho urodelus le li-gymnophionas. Ke liphoofolo tse nang le mahe a linotši 'me mahe a tsona a tšeloa ka metsing kapa mobung o mongobo ho thibela ho oma, empa maemong a salamanders, e tona e siea pakete ea peo ea botona kahara substrate, e bitsoang spermatophore, e tla bokelloa hamorao ke e tšehali.

Mahe a Amphibian a beheloa ka hare matšoele a bata e hlahisoang ke batsoali mme, le eona, e ka sireletsoa ke lera la gelatinous eo hape e li sirelletsang khahlanong le likokoana-hloko le liphoofolo tse li jang. Mefuta e mengata e na le tlhokomelo ea botsoali, leha e le ntho e sa tloaelehang, 'me tlhokomelo ena e lekanyelitsoe ho jareng mahe kahara molomo kapa likotoli ka mokokotlong, le ho a tsamaisa ha ho na le sebatana haufi.

Hape, ba na le kgelelo ya leswe, hammoho le lihahabi le linonyana, 'me ke ka mocha ona moo ho ikatisa le ho ntša metsi ho etsahalang.

Litšobotsi tse ling tsa amphibians

Ntle le litšobotsi tse boletsoeng ka holimo, li-amphibians le tsona li khetholloa ka tse latelang:

• Pelo e nyenyane: ba na le pelo ea boraro, e nang le atria tse peli le ventricle e le 'ngoe,' me e potoloha habeli ka pelong. Letlalo la hau le na le vascularized haholo.
• Etsa litšebeletso tsa tikoloho: kaha mefuta e mengata e iphepa ka likokoanyana tse ka bang tse senyang lijalo kapa limela tse ling tsa mafu, joalo ka menoang.
• Ke li-bioindicator tse ntle: mefuta e meng e ka fana ka tlhaiso-leseling ka tikoloho eo ba phelang ho eona, kaha e bokella lintho tse chefo kapa tse bakang likokoana-hloko letlalong la tsona. Sena se entse hore baahi ba bona ba fokotsehe libakeng tse ngata tsa lefats'e.
• Mefuta e fapaneng ea mefuta: ho na le mefuta e fetang 8,000 ea li-amphibian lefats'eng, tseo tse fetang 7,000 li tsamaellanang le li-anuran, mefuta e ka bang 700 ea li-urodelos mme tse fetang 200 li tsamaisana le li-gymnophionas.
• E kotsing: mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo e tlokotsing kapa e kotsing ka lebaka la ts'enyeho ea tikoloho le lefu le bitsoang chytridiomycosis, le bakoang ke fungus ea chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, e leng se senyang baahi ba sona haholo.

Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Litšobotsi tsa Amphibian, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Curiosities ea lefatše la liphoofolo.