Litaba
- Pantanal ke eng?
- Pantanal e hokae
- Liphoofolo le Flora
- Liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho ba Pantanal
- 1. Lengau (panthera onca)
- 2. Phiri e nang le manya (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
- 3. Asene ea Ntja (Speothos venaticus)
- 4. Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)
- 5. Likhama tsa MarshBlastocerus dichotomus)
- 6. Pampas Khama (Ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster)
- 7. Jacu ea mabanta a sootho (penelope ochrogaster)
- 8. Molomo oa 'nete (Sporophila maximilian)
- 9.Tapir (Tapirus terrestris)
- 10. Giant ArmadilloMaximus Priodonts)
- 11. Margay (Leopardus wiediiá)
- 12.Li-Anteater tsa Giant (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus)
- 13. Puma kapa cougar (Puma concolor)
- 14. Ntsu e putsoa (Lenong la Corona)
- E felile: Hyacinth Macaw e Nyane (Anodorhynchus glaucus)
- Mokhoa oa ho thibela ho timela ha liphoofolo
- Liphoofolo tsohle tse kotsing ea ho fela
Ha u bua ka Pantanal, ho tla eng kelellong ea hau? batho ba bangata ba nahana ka mangau, li- alligator kapa litlhapi tse khōlō. 'Nete ke hore biome ena - e tsejoang e le mekhoabo e meholohali lefatšeng - e na le mefuta-futa e kholo ea limela le liphoofolo.
Leha ho le joalo, leruo lena kaofela le lula ho tshosetso ya ka mehla, ekaba ka lebaka la palo e ntseng e eketseha ea mollo, ho atolosoa ha temo kapa ho tsoma ho seng molaong. Ka hona, ho na le kotsi e kholo ea hore palo ea liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho ba Pantanal.
Sehloohong sena sa PeritoAnimal, re tla u bontša hore na ke liphoofolo life tse kotsing, tse seng li timetse le se ka etsoang ho thibela liphoofolo tse ling ho nyamela tlhahong. Sheba!
Pantanal ke eng?
Pantanal ke e 'ngoe ea li-biomes tse tšeletseng tse teng Brazil, hammoho le Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest le Cerrado. Sebaka sa eona ke 150,988 km², e emelang 1.8% ea sebaka sohle sa sebaka sa Brazil.[1]
Le ha e le nyane ha e bapisoa le li-biomes tse ling tsa Brazil, u se ke oa thetsoa. Kahoo u na le mohopolo, Pantanal e na le sebaka se seholo ho feta Greece, England kapa Portugal 'me e feta Panama habeli ka boholo.
Pantanal e hokae
Sebakeng sa Midwest, e teng litoropong tse 22 tsa Mato Grosso le Mato Grosso do Sul, ntle le Paraguay le Bolivia. Biome e totobatsa boteng bo matla ba sechaba sa setso, joalo ka batho batho ba matsoalloa le maroons, eo ho theosa le lilemo e thusitseng ho jala setso sa Pantanal.
E fumaneha holima khatello e kholo ea maikutlo e fumanehang Lebopong la Noka ea Upper Paraguay. Nakong ea pula e matla, Noka ea Paraguay ea khaphatseha 'me e koahela karolo e kholo ea sebaka seo' me libaka tsa masimo li koahetsoe ke metsi. Ha metsi a theoha, ho hlahisoa likhomo le ho kotula lijalo tse ncha, ke ka hona sebaka se tsebahalang ka ho tšoasa litlhapi, mehlape le ts'ebeliso ea temo.
Liphoofolo le Flora
bakeng sa hau e kholo mefuta-futa ea limela (limela le liphoofolo), Pantanal ke Lefa la Naha ka Molao oa Motheo oa Federal mme o nkuoa e le Biosphere mme Lefa la Tlhaho la Botho ke UNESCO, e sa thibeleng ho senngoa ha meru le timetso. Ke 4.6% feela ea sebaka seo se sirelelitsoeng ke likarolo tsa paballo.
Boteng ba mefuta-futa e kholo ea limela le liphoofolo, joalo ka liphoofolo tse anyesang, li-amphibi, lihahabi, linonyana le likokoanyana le tsona li bakoa ke sebaka sa eona se ikhethang le tšusumetso ea limela le liphoofolo tse tsoang Morung oa Amazon, Morung oa Atlantic, Chaco le Cerrado.
Bonyane ho na le mefuta ea limela tse 3 500, mefuta e 124 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, mefuta e 463 ea linonyana le mefuta e 325 ea litlhapi.[2]Empa lenane la liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho fela le ntse le hola, haholo-holo ka lebaka la liketso tsa batho.
Ntle le ts'ebeliso e sa lekaneng ea mobu oa mobu, ho qhekella, ho tsoma le ho ts'oasa lihlapi ho khothaletsoa ke ho rekisa ka letlalo le mefuta e sa tloaelehang. Moeli le linaha tse ling tsa Amerika Boroa o eketsa likotsi tikolohong. THE katoloso ea temo le mollo li tsejoa e le litšokelo tse ka sehloohong ho biome. Pakeng tsa Phato le Loetse 2020, ho ne ho na le palo ea mollo o sa feleng sebakeng seo, o ileng oa senya palo e lekanang le mabala a bolo ea maoto a fetang limilione tse 2.[3]
Liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho ba Pantanal
Ho ea ka Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, lefapha la mmuso la tikoloho leo e leng karolo ea Lekala la Tikoloho, ho na le mefuta e 1 172 ea liphoofolo tse sokeloang ke ho timela Brazil. Kakaretso ena, ba 318 ba maemong a nkoang a le mahlonoko, ke hore, ba kotsing e kholo ea ho fela ka tlhaho.[2]
Ho bohlokoa hore u se ke oa ferekanya liphoofolo kotsing, ke hore, tse ntseng li le teng empa li le kotsing ea ho nyamela, le tseo li se li felile ka tlhaho (e tsejoang feela ke tlholeho e hapuoeng) kapa e felileng (e seng e le sieo). Sehlopha sa ts'okelo, mefuta e ka hlalosoa e le: e tlokotsing, e kotsing kapa e kotsing e kholo.
Ka tlase, ha re tsebe liphoofolo tse lulang Pantanal le tse kotsing ea ho timela ho latela Red List ea International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) le Chico Mendes Institute. Ho qetela lenaneng ke phoofolo e felileng. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore sena ke setšoantšo sa boemo bo hlahlojoe ho fihlela qetellong ea sengoloa sena.[4]
1. Lengau (panthera onca)
E boetse e bitsoa jaguar, ke katse ea boraro e kholo lefatšeng. Ke sesesi se hloahloa ebile se lula libakeng tsa linoka kapa tsa letša. E ka fihla ho 150kg mme e na le loma e matla haholo ebile e bolaeang. Ke phoofolo e jang nama, e e behang sehlohlolong sa ketane ea lijo.
Ke ntho e hohelang bahahlauli ho mang kapa mang ea ratang tlhaho, empa ka bomalimabe le ho litsomi, ke ka lebaka leo lengau le leng lenaneng la semmuso la mefuta ea liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho fela Brazil. Ntle le ho tsoma, keketseho ea litoropo le tahlehelo ea tikoloho ea tsona ea tlhaho ka lebaka la ho rengoa ha meru eketsa ts'okelo ea ho timela.
2. Phiri e nang le manya (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
Ke eena phoofolo e anyesang e kholo ka ho fetisisa letsoalloa la Amerika Boroa 'me le ka fumanoa Pantanal, Pampas le Cerrado. Litloaelo tsa eona le sebopeho sa eona sa 'mele li e etsa mofuta o ikhethang le o ikhethang haholo.
3. Asene ea Ntja (Speothos venaticus)
E na le mmele o mosesane haholo, maoto a makgutshwane, a matla, ditsebe tse sedikadikwe, mohatla o mokgutshwane le lentswe le pharaletseng la lentswe. Se ke oa fumana file ea medumo e fapaneng eo a ka e ntšang.
4. Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)
E tsejoa hape e le phiri ea noka, lengau la metsi kapa otter e kholo. Ke phoofolo e anyesang e nang le litloaelo tsa semiaquatic. Mofuta ona o kotsing ea ho timela haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho lahleheloa ke sebaka sa eona sa bolulo. E na le mabala a masoeu molaleng, e leng ho nolofalletsang ho khetholla motho ka mong. Mohatla o bataletse ka sebopeho sa patsi ho thusa ho sesa. E boetse e na le moriri o mokhutšoane o nang le 'mala o sootho kapa o sootho le maoto a sephara le lera le kenang menoaneng.
5. Likhama tsa MarshBlastocerus dichotomus)
E fumanoa Pantanal, empa e boetse e lula Amazon le Cerrado. Ke likhama tse kholo ka ho fetisisa Latin America mme e ka ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 125 mme ea fihla ho 1,80 m ka bolelele. Ho hakanngoa hore 60% ea mefuta ea eona e se e felile ka lebaka la ho tsoma le ho lahleheloa ke karolo ea bolulo ba tsona. Ke ka hona ho nang le menyetla e mengata ea ho ba e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho ba Pantanal.
6. Pampas Khama (Ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster)
'Mele oa eona o boima ba lisenthimithara tse 80 ho isa ho tse 95' me e ka ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 40. Tse tona li na le phala e bopehang nakong ea pelehi. E na le lesale la boea bo bosoeu ho pota mahlo le litsebe tse nang le 'mala o mosoeu ka hare. Uena boea ke lamunu hodima mmele kaofela, ntle le mpa e tshweu le mohatla o motsho. Hangata ha e thehe lihlopha tse kholo mme hangata e bonoa e le mong kapa ka lihlopha tsa batho ba ka bang 6.
7. Jacu ea mabanta a sootho (penelope ochrogaster)
Ke nonyana e kholo e nang le mapheo le mohatla o molelele, o nang le masiba a entsoeng ka metopa e mesoeu, maoto a bobebe le molomo o lefifi, 'me e ka ba bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 77. E na le hlooho e bofubelu 'me ha se hangata e bonoang tlhahong ka boits'oaro ba eona bo ikarotseng, ho hong ho fapaneng hampe le Jacus e ngoe. O ho rengoa ha meru le ho tsongoa ka tsela e seng molaong ke mabaka a mantlha a monyetla oa hore e ka felisoa. Ho sengolo se seng sa PeritoAnimal o ka fumana ho eketsehileng ka linonyana tse kotsing ea ho fela.
8. Molomo oa 'nete (Sporophila maximilian)
Nonyana ena e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse pakeng tsa 14.5 le 16.5. E boetse e bitsoa weevil ea boll ea leboea, weevil ea 'nete ea boll kapa weevil e ntšo, e lula makhulong a koahetsoeng ke metsi, litsela tse nang le lihlahla, mathōkong a meru ea meru, mekhoabo, mabopo a noka le matša, ho bonahala e le libakeng tse haufi le metsi, haholo-holo moo ho nang le joang le raese. lijo tsa tlhaho. Uena chefo e bolaeang likokonyana e sebelisoang raese li supuoa e le e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse behang phoofolo ena lenaneng le khubelu la liphoofolo kotsing ea ho fela.
9.Tapir (Tapirus terrestris)
Ke eona phoofolo e anyesang e kholo ka ho fetisisa naheng ea Brazil, e bolele ba 2.40 m le boima ba 300 kg. Lebitso le leng leo le le fumanang ke tapir. A le mong, tapir a ka phela ho fihlela a le lilemo li 35.Thahasello ka eena ke nako ea hae ea bokhachane, e nkang nako e fetang selemo mme e ka fihlela matsatsi a 400.
10. Giant ArmadilloMaximus Priodonts)
Mofuta ona ha o fumanehe ka tlhaho ebile o phela lipakeng tsa lilemo tse 12 le 15 ka karolelano. E na le mohatla o molelele o thehilweng ka thebe tse nyane tsa pentagonal. Har'a litšokelo tse kholo tsa "armadillo" e kholo ke mello, temo, ho rengoa ha meru le ho tsoma.
11. Margay (Leopardus wiediiá)
Phoofolo e teng li-biomes tsohle tsa Brazil, empa e amana haholo le libaka tsa meru. Mofuta ona o na le mahlo a maholo haholo, a hlahelletseng, sefene se hlaheletseng, maoto a maholo le mohatla o molelele haholo. Maoto a ka morao a na le manonyeletso a tenyetsehang ka ho khetheha, a lumellang ho potoloha ho fihlela likhato tse 180, e e fang bokhoni bo sa tloaelehang har'a li-feline ho theoha sefateng. hlooho fatshe.
12.Li-Anteater tsa Giant (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus)
Phoofolo e ka bonoa eseng feela ho Pantanal, empa hape le Amazon, Cerrado le Moru oa Atlantic. Mofuta ona o na le tloaelo ea lefats'e mme o lula o le mong ntle le mme le bana ba hae, nakong ea kanyeso, le nakong ea ho ikatisa, ha banyalani ba ka theoa. Mello, ea temo mme ho rengoa ha meru ke tsona mabaka a mantlha a ts'okelo ho anteater e kholohali.
13. Puma kapa cougar (Puma concolor)
Ke phoofolo e anyesang e lefatšeng e ka fumanoang libakeng tse fapaneng tsa Amerika. Ntle le moo, ke e 'ngoe ea li-feline tse lumellanang hantle le mefuta e fapaneng ea tikoloho. E na le seaparo se bonolo sa beige 'meleng oohle, ntle le sebaka sa mpa, se bobebe. Malinyane a tsoaloa a na le matheba a bosootho bo lefifi le mahlo a maputsoa. Boholo le boima bo fapana ho latela sebaka sa ketsahalo. E bobebe haholo, the puma e ka tlolela fatše bolelele ba 5.5 m.
14. Ntsu e putsoa (Lenong la Corona)
E kholo ebile e na le lisenthimithara tse pakeng tsa 75 le 85, e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 3.5. Nonyana e seng e le kholo hangata e na le lebisa masiba a bohlooho, mmoho le plume e bōpehileng joaloka moqhaka le mohatla o mokhutšoane o nang le sehlopha se le seng se bohlooho.
E felile: Hyacinth Macaw e Nyane (Anodorhynchus glaucus)
Ruri macah e nyane ea hyacinth ha e sa le eo. E ka ferekanngoa le li-macaw tse ling tsa hyacinth: blue macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii), e felileng naheng, e leng teng ka tlasa tlhokomelo ea batho feela; Lear's Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari), e kotsing ea ho hlaha naheng; le Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), e sokeloang ka eona ho fela hoa tlhaho. O ile a hlahella ka botle ba hae bo boholo, bo neng bo lula bo mo etsa hore a lakatsehe haholo ke litsomi. Ka tlase re fumana setšoantšo sa hore na mofuta ona o tla ba joang, eo ka bomalimabe e leng karolo ea lenane la liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho fela mekhoabong.
Mokhoa oa ho thibela ho timela ha liphoofolo
Joalokaha re se re boletse, paleana ea Pantanal e ruile haholo ho liphoofolo le limela tsa eona. Le faele ea paballo ea tikoloho le tikoloho, limela, liphoofolo le likokoana-hloko, li tiisa botsitso ba lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho, tse amang maphelo a rona batho lefatšeng.
Ho nyamela ha liphoofolo ho ama kaofela ketane ea lijo, e baka ho se lekalekane ka tlhaho. Liphuputso tse 'maloa li bonts'a hape hore phokotso ea mefuta e fapaneng ea liphoofolo le limela e kotsi ho tlhahiso ea tikoloho le tikoloho joalo ka tšilafalo le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo.
Le pheletso ea liphoofolo tse jang haholo litholoana, tse bitsoang li-frugivores, le eona e beha kotsing meru ea tropike ea ho monya carbon dioxide (CO2) moeeng, ho potlakisa ho futhumala ha lefats'e.[5]
Ho thibela ho timela ha liphoofolo, tlhokomeliso e bohlokoa. Hoa hlokahala ho loantša ho tsoma ho seng molaong, ho rengoa ha meru, mollo le ho ba hlokolosi ka meaho e nkoang e le libaka tsa tlhaho tsa liphoofolo. Ho lahlela lithōle libakeng tse nepahetseng ho bohlokoa ho qoba ho kopana le liphoofolo ka lihlahisoa tse itseng kapa esita le lefu ka lefu la pululo ka ho lahla polasetiki ka tsela e sa lokang, mohlala. [6]
Ho boetse ho na le merero e mengata ea ho baballa le ho ts'ehetsa tlhahiso ea mefuta ea liphoofolo eo u ka e ts'ehetsang, ntle le Mekhatlo eo e seng ea Mmuso (NGOs).
Liphoofolo tsohle tse kotsing ea ho fela
Tlhahisoleseling ka liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho timela e ka fumaneha ho:
- Buka e khubelu ea Chico Mendes Institute: ke tokomane e nang le lenane la mefuta eohle ea Brazil e sokeloang ke ho timela. Ho e fumana, etela sebaka sa marang-rang sa ICMBio.
- Lenane le Lefubelu la Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Tlhokomelo ea Tlhaho le Tlhaho (IUCN): leqephe lena, ka Senyesemane, le fana ka tšimo ea ho batla moo o ka kenyang lebitso la phoofolo eo u batlang ho e tseba.
Sehloohong sena se seng sa PeritoAnimal, bona tse ling liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho fela Brazil.
Haeba u batla ho bala lingoliloeng tse ling tse tšoanang le Liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho ba Pantanal, Re khothaletsa hore o kenye karolo ea rona ea Liphoofolo tse Kotsing.