Liphoofolo tse ruuoang tse 49: Tlhaloso le Mefuta

Sengoli: Peter Berry
Letsatsi La Creation: 15 Phupu 2021
Ntlafatsa Letsatsi: 16 November 2024
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Litaba

Liphoofolo tsa lapeng e ka ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, empa ha se kamehla. Ke sehlopha sa liphoofolo tseo nalaneng eohle li neng li khethiloe ka tlhaho le ka liphatsa tsa lefutso bakeng sa tšebelisano ea tsona le batho le litšobotsi tse ling tse tloaelehileng. Taba ea hore phoofolo e nkuoa e le ea lapeng ha e bolele hore e khona ho lula ka tlung, hanyane ka hokong. Ketsahalong ena e tsoang ho PeritoAnimal rea hlalosa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng ke eng, mefuta e 49 e leng karolo ea sehlopha sena naheng ea Brazil le lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa mabapi le karohano ena.

Liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng

Ha e le hantle, liphoofolo tse ruuoang malapeng ke liphoofolo tse ruuoang ke batho, tse fapaneng le ho thapisoa. Kaofela ke merabe le mefuta e khethiloeng ho pholletsa le nalane eo ka tlhaho e neng e fetotsoe ho phela le batho. Ho latela phuputso e phatlalalitsoeng ke Lenaneo la Brazil la Paballo ea Mehloli ea Liphoofolo [1], Mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang naheng ea Brazil e ntlafalitsoe ho tsoa mefuteng le mefuteng e tlisitsoeng ke bahlaseli ba Mapotoketsi mme kamora ts'ebetso ea khetho ea tlhaho e ne e ntlafatsa litšobotsi tse lumellanang le tikoloho.


IBAMA [2] nahana kamoo liphoofolo tsa lapeng:

Liphoofolo tsohle tseo, ka lits'ebetso tsa setso le tse hlophisitsoeng tsa botsamaisi le / kapa ntlafatso ea theknoloji, li fetohileng tsa malapeng, li hlahisa litšobotsi tsa tlhaho le boits'oaro tse its'etlehileng haholo ho motho, mme li ka hlahisa mofuta o fapaneng oa phenotype, o fapaneng le mefuta e hlaha e li qalileng.

Ha ho na sekhahla se iphetotseng sa liphoofolo tsohle tse ruuoang kaha ts'ebetso ena e qalile lilemo tse ngata pele ho tsoelo-pele ea khale. Ho latela sengoloa se phatlalalitsoeng koranteng ea mahlale ea Nature [3], liphiri ke baholo-holo ba lintja mme ba ile ba ruuoa malapeng bonyane lilemo tse 33,000 tse fetileng, mohlomong ba le maemong a phoofolo ea pele e ruuoang ke batho, e atlehileng ke liphoofolo tsa polasing, ho latela tlaleho e phatlalalitsoeng ho National Geographic [4].


Likatse le tsona li ile tsa ruuoa malapeng lilemong tse likete tse fetileng, nakong ea Neolithic, khale pele batho ba qobella ho tšela mefuta e meng ho ntlafatsa litšobotsi tse itseng. Ho latela sengoloa se phatlalalitsoeng koranteng ea mahlale ea Nature [5], Bopaki bo bontša hore crossover ea bona ea 'lapeng' e qalile feela Mehleng e Bohareng.

Liphoofolo tse ruuoang malapeng li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro:

Mefuta ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng

  • Liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng (kapa liphoofolo tse tsamaeang le tsona);
  • Liphoofolo tsa polasing le likhomo;
  • Liphoofolo tse tsamaisang thepa kapa liphoofolo tse sebetsang.

Le ha e se molao, ho na le litšobotsi tse tloaelehileng tse fumanehang liphoofolong tse ngata tse ruuoang lapeng:

  • Li hōla ka potlako 'me li phela nako e batlang e le khutšoanyane;
  • Li ikatisa ka tlhaho botlamuoeng;
  • Li hanyetsa ebile li na le maemo a mangata a ho ikamahanya le maemo.

liphoofolo tse ruuoang le tse hlaha

Le phoofolo e hlaha e khona ho thapisoa, empa e ke ke ea thapisoa. Ka mantsoe a mang, boitšoaro ba eona bo ka ikamahanya le maemo a lehae, empa ha e fetohe phoofolo e ruuoang lapeng ebile ha e ikemisetse ho etsa joalo.


Liphoofolo tse hlaha

Liphoofolo tse hlaha, leha li ka hlaha naheng eo re ahileng ho eona, ha ho joalo lokela ho tšoaroa joaloka liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Ha ho molaong ho boloka liphoofolo tse hlaha e le liphoofolo tsa lapeng. Ha ho khonehe ho li thapisa. Malapeng a mofuta o mong o nka makholo a lilemo mme ha se ts'ebetso e ka fihlelloang nakong ea bophelo ba mofuta o le mong. Ntle le taba ea hore sena se tla khahlano le melao ea boitšoaro ea mofuta ona mme se khothaletse ho tsongoa hampe le ho amohuoa tokoloho ea bona.

Naheng ea Brazil le lefats'eng ka bophara, mefuta e meng e ka fumanoang e le liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le tse sa lokelang ho ba teng ke mefuta e meng ea likolopata, li-sardon, li-urchin tsa lefatše, har'a tse ling.

Tumellano ea CITES

O sephethephethe se seng molaong ea lintho tse phelang tse etsahalang lipakeng tsa linaha tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e ke nnete. Liphoofolo le limela li ntšoa libakeng tsa tsona tsa tlhaho, li baka ho se leka-lekane tikolohong, moruong le sechabeng. Ho loants'a ho rekisoa ha liphoofolo tsena le limela, tumellano ea CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna) e hlahile ka li 1960 mme e ikemiselitse ho sireletsa mefuta e kotsing kapa e kotsing, hara mabaka a mang., Ho sephethephethe se seng molaong. . E akaretsa mefuta e ka bang 5 800 ea liphoofolo le mefuta e ka bang 30,000 ea limela.

Liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang

Ho rekisoa le ho ts'oaroa ha liphoofolo tse kantle ho naha, tse seng molaong maemong a mangata, ntle le ho baka tšenyo e ke keng ea lokisoa liphoofolong, ho ka baka mathata a maholo a bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, kaha a ka jara maloetse a atileng libakeng tsa ona. Liphoofolo tse ngata tsa kantle ho naha tseo re ka li rekang li tsoa khoebong e seng molaong, kaha mefuta ena ha e tsoalloe e le litlamong.

Nakong ea ho ts'oaroa le ho fetisoa, liphoofolo tse fetang 90% lia shoa. Joalokaha ho ne ho sa lekana, haeba phoofolo e phela ho fihlela lehae la rona, e ntse e ka baleha mme ea itlhahisa e le mefuta e hlaselang, ho felisa mefuta ea tlhaho le ho senya tikoloho ea tikoloho le tikoloho ea eona.

Ho latela IBAMA[2], liphoofolo tse hlaha tse sa tloaelehang:

ke liphoofolo tsohle tseo e leng tsa mefuta kapa li-subspecies tseo kabo ea tsona ea naha e sa kenyelletseng Sebaka sa Brazil le mefuta kapa li-subspecies tse hlahisitsoeng ke motho, ho kenyeletsoa le liphoofolo tse ruuoang tse boemong bo botle kapa bo phahameng. Mefuta kapa li-subspecies tse hlahisitsoeng kantle ho meeli ea Brazil le libaka tsa eona tsa metsi le tse kenang Territory ea Brazil le tsona li nkuoa e le tse sa tloaelehang.

Kotsi joaloka liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng

Ntle le ho ba le thepa e thibetsoeng, ho na le liphoofolo tse itseng tse kotsi haholo ho batho, ka lebaka la boholo ba tsona kapa bohale ba tsona. Har'a tsona, re ka fumana coati le iguana.

Lethathamo la liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng

Lethathamo la liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng (liphoofolo tse nkoang e le tse ruuoang molemong oa tšebetso) ea IBAMA e tjena:

  • linotsi (Apis mellifera);
  • Alpaca (pacos seretse);
  • Silkworm (Bombyx sp);
  • Nare (bubalus bubalis);
  • Pōli (khalase ea capra);
  • Ntja (masaka a tloaelehileng);
  • Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus);
  • Kamele (Camelus Bactrianus);
  • Tweba (Mus musculus);
  • Canary ea 'Muso kapa Canary ea Belgian (Serinus canarius);
  • Pere (equus caballus);
  • Chinchilla (Lanigera chinchilla ha feela a hlahile botlamuoeng);
  • Swan e Ntšo (Cygnus atratus);
  • Kolobe ea Guinea kapa kolobe ea Guinea (khopo ea poropo);
  • Likoekoe tsa China (Coturnix coturnix);
  • Mutlanyana (Oryctolagus cuniculus);
  • Taemane ea Gould (Chloebiagouldiae);
  • Taemane ea Semandarine (Taeniopygia guttata);
  • Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius);
  • Escargot (Helix sp);
  • Collared Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus);
  • Likhomo (taurus e ntle);
  • Likhomo tsa Zebu (bosupa);
  • Khoho (Galus malapeng);
  • khaka (Numida meleagris e hlahisitsoe botlamuoeng);
  • Lekhantsí (Anser sp.);
  • Likhantsi tsa Canada (Branta canadensis);
  • Nile Goose (alopochen hoephelope);
  • katse (Felis catus);
  • Hamster (Cricetus Cricetus);
  • Tonki (equus asinus);
  • llama (seretse se boreleli);
  • Manon (Lonchura striata);
  • Mallard (Anas sp);
  • Seboko;
  • Linku (ovis aries);
  • letata la carolina (Aix sponsa);
  • Letata la Semandarine (Aix galericulata);
  • Peacock (Pavo cristatus);
  • Partridge e anyang (Alectoris chukar);
  • Parakeet ea Australia (Melopsittacus undulatus);
  • Peru (Meleagris gallopavo);
  • Phaeton (Neochmia phaeton);
  • Leeba la daemaneCunette Geopelia);
  • Leeba la lapengColumba livia);
  • Kolobe (sus scrofa);
  • khoto (Rattus norvegicus):
  • Tweba (rattus rattus)
  • Tadorna (Tadorna sp).

linonyana tsa malapeng

Le ha lenane le kaholimo la liphoofolo tse ruuoang le fana ka maikutlo a mefuta ea linonyana joalo ka likhantsi, turkey kapa peacock, ha se tsona kaofela tse loketseng ho ba le lehae le tloaelehileng ntle leha o lula polasing kapa polasing. Ebile, ho ba lumelang hore sebaka sa linonyana se teng ka tlhaho eseng ka lesakeng, ha ho na mofuta o loketseng.

PeritoAnimal e na le poso e ka bang le mefuta e 6 ea linonyana tse ruuoang hore e be le eona hae 'me re u eletsa hore u e hlahlobe. Ho fapana le seo batho ba bangata ba se nahanang, li-macaws, lipapakhaie, li-toucan le mefuta e meng e seng lenaneng ha se linonyana tse ruuoang lapeng 'me thepa ea tsona e seng molaong e nkuoa botlokotsebe ba tikoloho.[6]

Ho latela lenane le hlahisitsoeng kaholimo, linonyana tse ruuoang ke:

  • Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus);
  • Canary ea 'Muso kapa Canary ea Belgian (Serinus canarius);
  • Swan e Ntšo (Cygnus atratus);
  • Likoekoe tsa China (Coturnix Coturnix);
  • Taemane ea Gould (Chloebiagouldiae);
  • Taemane ea Semandarine (Taeniopygia guttata);
  • Collared Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus);
  • Khoho (Galus domesticus);
  • khaka (Numida meleagris e hlahisitsoe botlamuoeng);
  • Lekhantsí (Anser sp.);
  • Likhantsi tsa Canada (Branta canadensis);
  • Nile Goose (alopochen hoephelope);
  • Manon (striatum);
  • Mallard (Anas sp);
  • letata la carolina (Aix sponsa);
  • Letata la Semandarine (Aix galericulata);
  • Peacock (Pavo cristatus);
  • Partridge e anyang (Alectoris chukar);
  • Parakeet ea Australia (Melopsittacus undulatus);
  • Peru (Meleagris gallopavo);
  • Phaeton (Phapang ea Neochmia);
  • Leeba la daemaneCunette Geopelia);
  • Leeba la lapengColumba livia);
  • Tadorna (Tadorna sp).

litoeba malapeng

Ho joalo le ka litoeba, tse ngata li lethathamong, empa seo ha se bolele hore li khothaletsoa joalo ka liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Ho ea ka IBAMA, liphoofolo tse nkoang e le tsa lapeng Brazil ke tse latelang:

  • Tweba (Mus musculus)
  • Chinchilla (Lanigera chinchilla ha feela a hlahile botlamuoeng);
  • Kolobe ea Guinea kapa kolobe ea Guinea (khopo ea poropo);
  • Hamster (Cricetus Cricetus);
  • khoto (Rattus norvegicus):
  • Tweba (rattus rattus).

Hopola hore mebutlanyana (Oryctolagus cuniculus) hape ke liphoofolo tse ruuoang, leha ho le joalo, ka mokhoa oa lekhetho, ha li nkoe e le litoeba, ho fapana le seo batho ba bangata ba se nahanang. mebutlanyana li lagomorphs tse nang le litloaelo tsa litoeba. Ho ithuta haholoanyane, re khothaletsa ho bala sengoloa se hlalosang Lintlha tse 15 tse monate ka mebutlanyana.